unit 10(cardiovascular)

Question 1

path of blood through heart

Answer 1

1. blood entering through superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus vein
2. right atrium
3. tricuspid valve
4. right ventricle
5. pulmonary semilunar valve
6. pulmonary trunk artery
7. right and left pulmonary arteries
8. pulmonary veins
9. left atrium
10. bicuspid valve
11. left ventricle
12. aortic semilunar valve
13. ascending aorta artery

Question 2

pulmonary

Answer 2

blood flows from right side to lungs

Question 3

systemic

Answer 3

oxygen-rich blood returned to left side of heart is pumped out of aorta to rest of body

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

covering around heart

Question 5

mediastinum

Answer 5

between two cavities

Question 6

epicardium

Answer 6

around outside of heart

Question 7

myocardium

Answer 7

muscle middle layer

Question 8

endocardium

Answer 8

inner layer

Question 9

four chambers of heart

Answer 9

left and right atriums
left and right ventricles

Question 10

Interatrial septum

Answer 10

Separates the two atria longitudinally

Question 11

Interventricular septum

Answer 11

Separates the two ventricles longitudinally

Question 12

cuspid valves

Answer 12

atrioventricular valves; between atria and ventricle; bicuspid and tricuspid

Question 13

semilunar valves

Answer 13

between ventricle and artery; pulmonary and aortic

Question 14

heart murmur

Answer 14

swishing sounds; leaky valve

Question 15

coronary arteries

Answer 15

branch from aorta to supply heart muscle with oxygenated blood

Question 16

cardiac veins

Answer 16

drain the myocardium of blood

Question 17

coronary sinus veins

Answer 17

large vein on posterior of heart; receives blood from cardiac veins

Question 18

intrinisic conduction system

Answer 18

internal, independent control system of heart

Question 19

sinus node

Answer 19

hearts pacemaker

Question 20

atrio-ventricular node

Answer 20

junction of atria and ventricles

Question 21

bundle of his

Answer 21

bundle branches interventricular septum

Question 22

purkinje fibers

Answer 22

spread within ventricle wall muscles

Question 23

atrial diastole

Answer 23

relaxation; ventricular filling; Atrioventricular valves are open; blood flowing

Question 24

atrial systole

Answer 24

contraction; sends out signal and atria contracts

Question 25

isovolumetric contraction

Answer 25

ventricular systole begins; AV and semilunar valves are closed

Question 26

ventricular systole

Answer 26

ejection phase; semilunar Alves open to eject blood

Question 27

isovolumetric relaxtion

Answer 27

semilunar valves close; dub of lub dub

Question 28

Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 28

Amount of blood pumped by each side (ventricle) of the heart in 1 minute

Question 29

Stroke volume (SV)

Answer 29

 Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction (each heartbeat)
 About 70 ml of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat

Question 30

Heart rate (HR)

Answer 30

Typically 75 beats per minute

Question 31

neural controls

Answer 31

speeds up heart rate (sympathetic); slow and steady (parasympathetic)

Question 32

hormones and ions

Answer 32

epinephrine and thyroxine/calcium, potassium and sodium

Question 33

physical factors

Answer 33

temperature and exercise

Question 34

stroke volume

Answer 34

blood pressure and volume are most important

Question 35

physical factors

Answer 35

Age, gender, exercise, body temperature influence heart rate

Question 36

factors that modify basic heart rate

Answer 36

neural controls
hormones and ions
physical factors
stroke volume

Question 37

arteries

Answer 37

carry blood away from the heart (heart moving blood)

Question 38

veins

Answer 38

carry blood toward the heart (skeletal muscles move blood)

Question 39

capillaries

Answer 39

exchange (nutrients, gases, hormones, etc) between tissues and blood

Question 40

circle of willis

Answer 40

provides an alternate set of pathways for blood to reach brain tissue in case of impaired blood flow anywhere in the system

Question 41

hepatic portal system

Answer 41

blood drained from digestive viscera = source

Question 42

pulse and pulse points

Answer 42

alternate expansion and recoil of a blood vessel wall; common carotid artery, facial artery, radial artery, brachial artery

Question 43

blood pressure and factors that effect it

Answer 43

pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels; systolic and diastolic, cardiac output, vasoconstriction, renal factors (kidneys), peripheral resistance; chemicals, temp, epinephrine, diet

Question 44

hypertension

Answer 44

high blood pressure

Question 45

atherosclerosis

Answer 45

hardening or arteries, increased peripheral resistance

Question 46

process by which materials are exchanged across capillary walls

Answer 46

 Oxygen and nutrients leave the blood and move into tissue cells
 Carbon dioxide and other wastes exit tissue cells and enter the blood

Question 47

umbilical vein

Answer 47

which carries nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood to the fetus

Question 48

umbilical artery

Answer 48

which carry wastes and carbon dioxide-rich blood from the fetus to placenta

Question 49

ductus venosus

Answer 49

Blood flow bypasses the liver and enters the inferior vena cava → right atrium of heart

Question 50

foramen ovale

Answer 50

Blood entering right atrium is shunted directly into left atrium

Question 51

ductus arteriosus

Answer 51

connects aorta and pulmonary trunk
(becomes ligamentum arteriosum at birth)