unit 4

Question 1

cutaneous membrane

Answer 1

provides protection; skin

Question 2

mucous membrane

Answer 2

absorption and secretion of mucus; lines all internal body cavities that open to the exterior of body

Question 3

serous membrane

Answer 3

protection and reduces friction; lines internal body cavities closed to the exterior of body; 2 layer membrane separated by fluid

Question 4

synovial membrane

Answer 4

(only connective membrane) lubricates joints; surrounds joint cavities

Question 5

cutaneous membrane structures

Answer 5

Epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; Dermis is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

Question 6

mucus membrane structures

Answer 6

Epithelium type depends on site; Loose connective tissue (lamina propria)

Question 7

serous membrane structures

Answer 7

Simple squamous epithelium; Areolar connective tissue

Question 8

synovial membrane structures

Answer 8

loose areolar connective tissue only

Question 9

major functions of integumentary system

Answer 9

insulates and cushions organs; protection; body heat retention; aids in excretion of urea and uric acid; synthesizes vitamin D

Question 10

hypodermis

Answer 10

composed of fat; not actually part of integumentary system

Question 11

epidermis

Answer 11

outer layer; stratified squamous epithelium; avascular; contains keratinocytes

Question 12

dermis

Answer 12

connective tissue; underlies epidermis; papillary and reticular layers

Question 13

papillary

Answer 13

fingerprints and footprints; pain and touch receptors

Question 14

reticular

Answer 14

blood vessels; sweat and oil glands start; deep pressure receptors

Question 15

stratum basale

Answer 15

deepest layer; cells undergoing mitosis (dividing); alive cells; contains melanocytes

Question 16

stratum spinosum

Answer 16

2 deepest; increasingly flatter and more keratinized (dying); still alive cells

Question 17

stratum granulosum

Answer 17

3 deepest; transitional layer (moving to non living cells); flattened

Question 18

stratum lucidum

Answer 18

formed from dead cells of deeper layers; only on hairless areas;

Question 19

stratum corneum

Answer 19

outermost layer; dead cells (filled up with keratin- prevents water loss from skin); shingle-like

Question 20

cells involved in skin color

Answer 20

melanocytes

Question 21

two other factors that determine final skin color

Answer 21

carotene (vegetables) and hemoglobin (oxygen content in blood cells)

Question 22

melanin

Answer 22

pigment produced by melanocytes to determine color

Question 23

sebaceous glands

Answer 23

all over skin except palms and soles; produces sebum (oil); soft skin, soft hair, kills bacteria

Question 24

sweat glands - eccrine

Answer 24

skins surface; temp regulation

Question 25

sweat glands - apocrine

Answer 25

duct empty into hair follicles in armpit and genitals; body odor (sweat with fatty acids)

Question 26

where are sweat glands most abundant

Answer 26

palms and soles

Question 27

hair

Answer 27

everywhere except palms and soles; hard keratinized epithelial cells; protection and warmth

Question 28

hair roots

Answer 28

enclosed by follicle

Question 29

hair shaft

Answer 29

projects from surface

Question 30

arrector pili (smooth) muscle

Answer 30

contracts and pulls hair follicle

Question 31

nails

Answer 31

more keratinized than hair, stratum basale extends beneath nail beds (growth); lack of pigment; we cut the free edge; provides protection

Question 32

main concern when it comes to burns

Answer 32

dehydration and lack of electrolytes; also affects airways

Question 33

first degree burns

Answer 33

only in epidermis; skin is red and swollen; regrows easily

Question 34

second degree burns

Answer 34

epidermis and outer part of dermis; skin red, painful, and blistered; blistering and scaring while healing

Question 35

third degree burns

Answer 35

destroys epidermis and dermis; painless- nerves destroyed; blanched (grey-white or black); extends to fat; no easy regrowth

Question 36

fourth degree burns

Answer 36

extends to deeper tissues (bone, muscles, tendons); dry and leathery; needs surgery; no easy regrowth

Question 37

importance of rule of nines

Answer 37

estimates tissue damage and fluid loss - when hospital care is needed; 11 sections that are each 9% of body surface area

Question 38

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 38

least malignant and most common; arises from stratum basale

Question 39

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 39

stratum spinosum; caused by sun; can spread to lymph nodes and become malignant

Question 40

malignant melanoma

Answer 40

most deadly and most rare; arises from melanocytes; spreads to lymph nodes and blood vessels (ABCDE)

Question 41

ABCDE

Answer 41

asymmetry; border irregularity (not smooth); color; diameter (larger than 6mm); evolution (one or more of ABCD is evolving

Question 42

fluid product of cutaneous membrane

Answer 42

sweat and sebum

Question 43

fluid product of mucous membrane

Answer 43

mucus

Question 44

fluid product of serous membrane

Answer 44

watery serous fluid

Question 45

fluid product of synovial membrane

Answer 45

synovial fluid

Question 46

cells of membranes lining intestines produce

Answer 46

mucus

Question 47

blood vessels are only in

Answer 47

dermis

Question 48

adipose is

Answer 48

not apart of cutaneous membrane

Question 49

two types of sweat

Answer 49

salty and stinky

Question 50

stratum basal includes

Answer 50

hair and nails

Question 51

erythema

Answer 51

redness from blushing

Question 52

pallor or blanching

Answer 52

emotional stress and become pale; anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow

Question 53

jaundice

Answer 53

yellow skin from liver failure

Question 54

bruise

Answer 54

black and blue; blood escaped circulation

Question 55

hair matrix

Answer 55

growth zone; where division of well nourished stratum basale epithelial cells happens

Question 56

hair papilla

Answer 56

provides blood supply to matrix in hair bulb

Question 57

dermal papillae

Answer 57

peg like projections from superior surface (papillary layer)

Question 58

cyanosis

Answer 58

discoloration of skin from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of blood; blue ish color

Question 59

partial thickness burns

Answer 59

involve top two layers of skin; first and second degree burns

Question 60

full thickness burns

Answer 60

destroy epidermis and dermis; third and fourth degree burns

Question 61

adaptation of sensory receptors

Answer 61

they become exposed to stimuli for prolonged periods of time

Question 62

system that controls activity of eccrine sweat glands

Answer 62

nervous system