unit 13 (digestive)

Question 1

layers of wall of alimentary canal

Answer 1

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Question 2

how villi aids digestive process in small intestine

Answer 2

increase surface area for absorption; house capillary bed and lacteal; microvilli of plasma membrane brush border enzymes

Question 3

accessory digestive organs

Answer 3

• teeth (mix food)
• salivary glands (break down in mouth)
• pancreas (more enzymes to chemically break down food)
• liver and gallbladder (produce and store bile - bloodstream cleaner)

Question 4

tooth anatomy

Answer 4

crown
root
enamel
dentin
pulp cavity
root canal

Question 5

composition of saliva

Answer 5

serous fluid and mucus; salivary amylase and lysosomes and antibodies

Question 6

functions of saliva

Answer 6

moisten and bind food together into a bolus; dissolves chemicals to be tasted

Question 7

pancreas

Answer 7

digestive enzymes to breakdown all food categories; produces insulin and glucagon

Question 8

main activities of digestive system

Answer 8

• ingestion
• mechanical breakdown of food physically
• propulsion - chemical breakdown
• digestion and movement
• absorption
• defecation

Question 9

mouth

Answer 9

ingestion; breaking down physically (carbs digestion)

Question 10

pharynx and esophagus

Answer 10

movement and physically breaking down

Question 11

stomach

Answer 11

digestion; chemical breakdown (proteins)

Question 12

small intestine

Answer 12

segmentation; chemical breakdown; absorption

Question 13

colon

Answer 13

absorb water; movement

Question 14

rectum and anus

Answer 14

defecation

Question 15

mouth enzymes

Answer 15

amylase

Question 16

stomach enzymes

Answer 16

pepsin

Question 17

pancreas enzymes

Answer 17

amylase, lactase, pepsin

Question 18

large intestine enzymes

Answer 18

bacteria and no enzymes

Question 19

swallowing

Answer 19

buccal phase and pharyngeal-esophageal phase

Question 20

vomiting

Answer 20

medulla controls vomiting

Question 21

defecation

Answer 21

moving through intestine and colon contracting to move mass

Question 22

protein digestion end product

Answer 22

amino acids

Question 23

fat digestion end product

Answer 23

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 24

carb digestion end product

Answer 24

glucose

Question 25

6 nutrient categories

Answer 25

carbs (sugars and starches) lipids (nuts, oils, seeds) proteins (poultry, fish) water vitamins (fruits and veggies) minerals (legumes, some meats)

Question 26

metabolism

Answer 26

all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life

Question 27

anabolism

Answer 27

larger molecules built from smaller ones

Question 28

catabolism

Answer 28

broken down substances; energy released and captured to make ATP

Question 29

carb uses

Answer 29

make ATP; glucose in blood

Question 30

fat uses

Answer 30

provide reserved energy and protect/insulate the body

Question 31

protein uses

Answer 31

amino acids can make ATP

Question 32

metabolic rate of liver

Answer 32

bile production: emulsifier glucose (simple sugar) glycogen (stored glucose in liver) glycogenesis (making glycogen) glycogenolysis (breakdown glycogen) gluconeogenesis (make glucose from fat or protein)

Question 33

hyperglycemia

Answer 33

excessively high levels of glucose in blood

Question 34

hypoglycemia

Answer 34

low levels of glucose in blood

Question 35

how body temp is regulated

Answer 35

BMR TMR hypothalamus fever

Question 36

gastroenteritis

Answer 36

inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract; can occur at any time

Question 37

appendicitis

Answer 37

inflammation of the appendix; common in adolescents

Question 38

effect of aging on metabolism

Answer 38

decreases as you get older