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microbiology > unit 12 > Flashcards

unit 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

unbroken skin

A

-barrier
- best defensive mechanism

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2
Q

perspiration

A

provides moisture/nutrients -> microbes however it contains lysozymes and salts

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3
Q

Sebum

A

nutritive for many microbes but also inhibitory
-mixtures of salts/lipids/proteins

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4
Q

Normal flora of skin

A
  • microbes resistant to drying/salt
  • grouped in clumps
  • washing reduces # but does not eliminate
  • moist areas of body have higher #’s of microbes
  • microbes remaining in sweat glands/ hair follicles after washing will reeestablish their #
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5
Q

what microbes make up normal skin flora

A

S. epiermidis (90% of normal flora of skin)
Strep
Micrococcus
Gram +
Diptheroids

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus (bacterial skin disease)

A
  • causes impetigo of newborn
  • sty = eyelash
  • gram + cocci
  • halophile
  • found in nasal passages
    -enters -> breaks in skin
  • causes furuncle (boil) , Carbuncle , scaled skin syndrome , toxic shock syndrome, folliculitis
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7
Q

Folliculitis

A

infection of hair follicle

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8
Q

Furuncle

A
  • boils
    -abscess
  • localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
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9
Q

Carbuncle

A

-focal infection
- body fails to wall off a furuncle
- symptoms of generalized infection
-hard
-can invade other neighbouring tissue

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10
Q

Impetigo of the newborn

A
  • thin walled vessicles
  • heaxclorophene lotion treats
  • highly contagious
    -can lead to neurological damage
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11
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

A
  • late stage for toxic shock syndrome
  • exofolitative toxins
  • seperates skin layer
  • Hai
  • occurs in children under 2
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12
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A
  • menstrutation- tampons
  • asociated with absorbent packing following surgery
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13
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A
  • beta hemolytic impetigo or pyoderma
  • secretes hemolysins
  • salt kills this microbe
  • spread by contact
  • effects toddlers/grade-school kids
  • bacteria penetrates skin through minor abrasion
  • seldom serious
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14
Q

treatment for streptococcus pyogenes

A

penicillin / erthryomycin

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15
Q

Erysipelas: St. Anthony Fire (due to strep pyogenes)

A
  • affects dermal layer of skin
  • red patches w raised margin
  • high fever
  • preceded by strep throat
  • if spread to other tissue can destory
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16
Q

treatment for Erysipelas

A

cephalosporins

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17
Q

Group A streptococcus

A
  • invasive exotoxin
  • flesh eating bacteria
  • cellulitis = solid tissue
    -myositis = muscle
  • necrotizing fascitis = soft ct
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18
Q

Treatment for Group A streptococcus

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

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19
Q

Pseudomonas sp.

A

causes dermatitis / affects 2nd and 3rd degree burns
- prone to swimmers

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20
Q

Dermatitis (Pseudomonas sp.)

A
  • Mild rash lasting 2 weeks
  • associated with swimming pools
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21
Q

2nd/ 3rd degree burns (pseudomonas sp.)

A
  • wound infections/bed sores
  • opportunistic / nosocomial
  • blue-green pus / odor
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22
Q

Propionbacterium acnes

A
  • most common skin infection in US
  • hair follicles blocked with cells/sebum
  • sebum accumulates / forms whiteheads and blackhead
  • converts sebum -> fatty acids
  • bacteria metabolizes sebum to free fatty acids (acids cause inflammation)
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23
Q

Treatment for propionbacterium acnes

A

-tetracycline
-benzoyl peroxide (effective against microbe / loosens plugged follicles)
-Acutane

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24
Q

what does Acutane do

A

inhibit sebum formation

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25
Warts / Papilloma virus (HPV)
- benign skin growth -transmission = contact - incubation is several weeks - nongenital
26
Treatment for Papilloma virus
cryotherapy, acid chemicals, laser surgery
27
Variola (smallpox)
- skin scarring - caused by orthmyxovirus - first disease with vaccine - respiratory -> internal organs -> blood -> skin
28
Varicella (chickenpox)
- RT/lesion discharge transmission - mild childhood disease - latent virus - vaccine available
29
Complication of varicella
- reyes syndrome -encephalitis - pneumonia
30
What is reyes syndrome
brain dysfunction
31
Shingles (zoster virus)
- painful vesicles - latent / opportunistic virus - vaccine for people over 50
32
Herpes simplex I: HSV-1
- cold sores or fever blisters - oral/oral sex/ RT transmission - latent (trigeminal nerve) virus - reoccurence triggered by sunligh, emotional upset, hormonal changes, stress, infections
33
Measles (rubeuola)
- RT transmission - Koplik's spots = key identification - MMR = vaccine - complications = pneuomonia, encephalitis, ear infections - very contagious
34
Rubella (german measles)
- RT transmission - immunity developed - MMR vaccine (not for pregnant woman) - milder than measles (rash often undetected)
35
What can congenital rubella syndrome cross
fetal placental membrane
36
Microbial disease of eye
Conjuctiva Haemophilus Influenzae Neonatal gonnorrheal opthalmia Chlamydia or Inclusion conjuctivitis Trachoma Herpetic keratitis Protozoan eye infections
37
Conjuctiva (bacterial eye infection)
mucous membranes that line the eyelids/cover the outer surface of the eyeball - increased incidence due to contact lenses/ touching eyes
38
Contagious conjuctivitis (haemophilus infleunzae)
- highly contagious - common in children - hands/fomites = transmission - topical antibiotics = treatment - symptoms= itching / yellow pus - haemophilus = pink eye
39
Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
- large amounts of pus - blindness if not treated - accquired as infant passes thru birth canal - treatment = antibiotic eye drops
40
Chlamydia or Inclusion Conjuctivitis
- chlamydia trachomatis - common - in rare cases lead to scarring of cornea - acquired as infant pass thru birth canal/ unchlorinated swimming pools - treatment = antibiotic eye drops ( tetracylcine)
41
Trachoma ( serious eye infection)
= chlamydia trachomatis - leading cause of global blindness - corneal abrasions leading to blindess - fomites/ hand -> hand / flies = transmission
42
Herpetic keratitis (HSV-1)
- inflammation of cornea - corneal infection with deep ulcers - may be most common cause infectious blindness in US
43
Acanthamoeba Keratitis (protozoan eye infection)
- resistant to chlorine - associated with contact lenses cleaned with tap water
44
disease of upper respiratory tract
- streptococcal pharyngitis - scarlet fever - Diptheria -otis media -Common cold
45
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
- beta hemolytic group A S. pyogenes - swollen lymp nodes - RT transmission - humans are carriers - not treated: secondary consequence
46
Diagnosis for Streptococcal Pharyngitis
throat culture/ rapid Ag test
47
Treatment for Streptococcal Pharyngitis
penicillin or erthryomycin
48
Scarlet fever
-S. pyogenes that produces erythrogenic toxin - tongue = red/enlarged - bacteria has been lysogenized by bacteriophage
49
Treatment for scarlet fever
penicillin if not deafness
50
Diptheria (corynebacterium diptheriae)
- exotoxin - RT (resistant to drying) = transmission - children/humans = carriers - treatment = antitoxins/ antibiotics - necking swelling / pesuodmembrane in throat
51
Vaccine for Diptheria
DTap vaccine
52
Otitis Media (middle ear infection)
- pathogen causes spores - complications of common cold/ head injury / contaminated swimming pool - S. pneumoniae / H. Influenzae = common microbes
53
Treatment for Otitis Media
broad spectrum antibiotics (amoxycillin / cephalosporins)
54
Can S. pneumoniae vaccine reduce cases of Otitis Media?
yes
55
Otitis Externa
- swimmer's ear - pseudomonas sp.
56
Treatment for Otitis Externa
rubbing alcohol/ ammonia
57
Common cold (rhinoviruses / coronaviruses)
- no treatment / treat symptoms -immunity developed - RT/ hand -> hand = transmission
58
Disease of lower RT
-Pertussis (whooping cough) - TB -Pneumonia - Psittacocis or Ornithosis -Q fever
59
Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
- attached to ciliated cells in trachea - severe in infants - starts as cold / then prolonged coughing -capsules / toxins - RT transmission - Treatment = erythromycin -immunity developed
60
Vaccine for Bordetella pertussis
DTaP or DTP
61
TB (tuberculosis) (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- consumption disease - resistant to drying/ disinfectants - slow growing microbe - oppturnistic infection - milk borne pathogen / RT infection
62
Diagnosis for TB
- TB line / PPD - skin test -chest x ray - sputum cukture - new blood test
63
Treatment for TB
- streptomycin , INH , rifampin , Ethambutol
64
Pneuomonia
- leading cause of illness/ death among kids - part of normal flora - transmission = RT/ normal flora
65
Pneumonia types
- Pneumococcal pneumonia -Streptococcus pneumoniae - Klebsiella pneuominae - Mycoplasma -Legionellosis
66
Pneumococcal pneumonia
-most common type of pneuomonia
67
Streptococcus pneumoniae
- encapsulated - elderly / young babies after surgery - vaccine available
68
Treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin / cephalosporins
69
Klebsiella pneuominae
- encapsulated - affects malnourished and Dehabilitated - can lead to permenant lung damage
70
Treatment for Klebsiella pneuominae
cephalosporin
71
Mycoplasma (walking pneuomonia)
- no cell wall - children / young adults (affects)
72
Treatment for mycoplasma
tetryacycline
73
Legionellosis
- not contagious - affects men over 50 - inhalation = transmission - associated with water lines
74
Treatment for Legionellosis
erthryomycin
75
Psittacosis or Ornithosis
- parrot fever - not contagious - transmission = inhalation of bird droppings - tetracycline = treatment
76
Q fever (coxiella burnetti)
- milk borne pathogen - Mild RT disease - transmission = ingestion of raw milk / inhalation of aerostols - vaccine available
77
Aspergillosis
found in soil/ decaying vegetation mode of entry = inhalation -causes pulmonary infection -mycotoxin production -is a conidiospore -feeds on external ears
78
Treatment for aspergillosis
amphoterricin
79
Candidiasis or Moniliasis
most frequent cause of fungal death in cancer patients affects normal flora can cause vaginal yeast infection / sytsemic infections / thrush
80
Sporotrichosis
most common mycoses in US dimorphic fungi found in plant matter farmers/landscaping workers at risk
81
Piedra
occurs at hair shafts (superficial epithelial cells) tropical climates
82

microbiology (15 decks)

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