Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

microbiology > unit 8 > Flashcards

unit 8 Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Disease

A

abnormal state in which body is not capable of carrying on its normal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infection

A

invasion/ colonization of the body by pathogenic microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathogens

A

disease carrying microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathology

A

study of diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Etiology

A

cause of diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal flora or normal biota commensals

A
  • location = skin/mouth/vagina/eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is concentration important in our normal flora?

A

abnormal concentration/change of location of normal flora could become pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sporadic (occurence of disease)

A

disease occurs occasionally in a population’
ex: fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endemic (occurence of disease)

A

disease constantly in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epidemic (occurence of disease)

A

many people in a given area acquire a disease in a short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pandemic (occurence of disease)

A

worldwide epidemic
- covid 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute (severity/duration of a disease)

A

disease develops rapidly but lasts a short time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chronic

A

disease develops slowly
body reactions are less severe
recurrent or continuous for long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

subacute

A

disease intermediate between acute /chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sclerosing panencephalitis is an example of what kind of disease

A

subacute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Latent

A

become inactive for a some time then becomes active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HSV is an example of what kind of disease

A

latent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a localize infection

A

microbes limited to a certain area
boils/abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is generalized/systemic infection

A

microbes spread via blood/lymph system
ex= measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is focal infection

A

-arises from infections of teeth/tonsils/sinuses
- infection starts local than become systemic/generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is primary infection

A

infection that causes inital illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is secondary infection

A

infection caused by an opportunistic microbe due to weakening of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nosocomial

A

hospital acquired infections (HAI’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HAI’s types of infections

A
  • lower rt
    -surgical sites
  • UTI’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
HAI's types of microbes
e.coli/ enterococcus staph/strep pseudomonas C.difficles
26
Bacteremia
bacteria in blood
27
Septicemia (sepasis)
pathogen multiplying in blood / blood poisoning
28
Toxemia
Toxins in blood ( tetanus)
29
Viremia
Viruses in blood (measles)
30
Pyemia
Pus forming microbes in blood (staph/strep)
31
Sign
= measured
32
Symptom
= felt
33
General patterns of infection
- period of incubation - prodromal syndrome - period of invasion - acme or fastigium -period of decline - period of convalescence
34
Period of incubation
interval between initial infection / appearance of signs and symptoms
35
Prodromal syndrome
mild sign/symptoms
36
Period of invasion
most severe
37
Period of decline
subside
38
Period acme or fastigium
equilibrium
39
Period of convalescence
recovering
40
EID's emerging infectious diseases
new/ changing diseases
41
Host parasite relationships
-mutualism - commensalism - parasitism
42
Commensalism
most normal flora
43
Parasitism
live off host cell
44
Portals of entry
- RT - GI tract - skin/membrane - paracentral - Genitourinary tract - placental
45
RT tract
inhaled
46
GI tract
mouth
47
Skin/membranes
mainly breaks in skin
48
Paracentral
deposited directly -> tissue / beneath the skin and mucous membranes (tetanus /injections)
49
Genitourinary tract
STD's / STI's
50
Placental
effects fetus (toxicplasmosis / HIV)
51
Purpose of pili
conjugation/ attachment
52
Purpose of flagella
movement
53
Purpose of capsules
resist host defenses
54
Cell wall M protein
attach to host/ resist WBC's
55
Cell wall waxy layer
resist phagocyte digestion
56
Exoenzyme production
- hemolysins - leukocidins - Coagulase -Kinase, Streptokinase , staphylokinase, -Hyaluronidase - Immunogobulin A proteases
57
Exoenzyme purpose
-used for self protection against host defenses - secrets enzymes
58
Hemolysins
breaks down RBC's
59
Leukocidins
destroys WBC's
60
Coagulase
coagulates the blood protein (firbinogen) -> fibrin blood clots formed by staph
61
Fibrinogen
produce by liver
62
Kinase
enzymes that dissolve blood vlots
63
Streptokinase
(fibrinolysin)
64
Staphylokinase
activates plasmidogens
65
Hyaluronidase
- "spreading factor" holds cell togethers - hydrolyzes hyualuronic acid to increase tissue permeability ( tissue blackening) - produced by clostridium sp.
66
Immuniglobbulin A proteases
- antibodies -enzymes that digest IgA
67
Which microbes penetrate through mucosal membrane of cell
H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae
68
Characteristics of exotoxins
-production of toxins - found in gram + / bacteria (cytoplasm) - produce when cells are growing / released in cell death -heat labile protein -susceptible to heat -destroys cells
69
Mode of action for exotoxins
inhibits cell activity
70
How much dosage of exotoxins is lethal
small dosage
71
exotoxin that target nerve cells
neurotoxins
72
exotoxin that targets intestinal tissue
enterotoxins
73
exotoxin that targets heart muscle
cardiotoxins
74
exotoxin that targets kidneys
renaltoxins
75
what is produced by exotoxins
toxoids and antitoxins
76
toxoid
-harmless/ antigenic - destroyed with heat
77
Toxoid if injected
produces antibodies (how vaccines are created)
78
When are are given if someone is exposed to exotoxin?
Antibodies
79
purpose of Antitoxin
neutralizes circulating harmful exotoxin
80
Diptheria, Scarlet fever, Botulism, Cholera, and Tetanus or lockjaw are examples of what kind of toxin
exotoxins
81
Diptheria (exotoxin)
-cytotoxin produced by cornybacterium diptheriae - damages heart tissue/ nerve cells -vaccine = prevent disease -Antitoxin treats disease
82
Scarlet fever (exotoxin)
-produced by streptococcus pyogenes -erthryogenic toxins - antibiotics = vaccine -red skin rash
83
Botulism (exotoxin)
-exotoxin of clostridium botulinum - botox = botulinum toxin - fatal food poisoning - neurotoxin prevents release of ach -paralysis/loss of muscle tone
84
Antitoxin is the treatment for what exotoxin?
Botulism
85
Cholera (exotoxin)
-enterotoxin of vibrio cholera - bacteria does not invade tissue -rice water stools - toxins simulates secretions of fluids/electrolytes from small intestines
86
Tetanus lockjaw (exotoxin)
- neurotoxin produced by clostridium tetani - causes uncontrollable skeletal/muscle contractions - vaccines to prevent / antitoxins to treat
87
Endotoxin
-within part of cell - produced by gram - bacteria only - produced when cells die -heat stable -no toxoids or antitoxin
88
How much dosage of endotoxin is lethal
larger does than exotoxin
89
Mode of action for endotoxin
effect non-specific tissue
90
effects of endotoxin
-release fever inducing substances from neutrophils - activates blood clotting proteins that obstruct capillaries result in tissue death (decreases blood supply) -shock/death -intravascular clotting disease (DIC)
91
Type of endotoxins
-typhoid fever -meningococcal meningitis
92
How are typhoid fever /meningococcal meningitis treated?
- treat symptoms until endotoxins breakdown -antibiotics release more endotoxins (improves when lipid lipase breaks down lipid endotoxin)

microbiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions