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microbiology > unit 6 > Flashcards

unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Spirochetes

A
  • flexible
    -motile
    -gram negative
    -used axial filaments for movement
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2
Q

What kind of gram bacteria are spirochetes

A

gram negative

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3
Q

Treponema sp. Borrelia sp. and Leptospira sp. are examples of what kind of bacteria?

A

spirochetes that are gram negative

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4
Q

Treponema sp.

A

causes syphillus

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5
Q

Borrelia sp.

A

causes lyme’s disease

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6
Q

Leptospira sp.

A

-causes leptospirosis
- found in dogs

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7
Q

Leptospirosis caused by leptospira sp.

A
  • affects kidneys
    -found in racoons/dogs/skunks
    -lives in intestines
    -found in fecal matter
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8
Q

Motile helical vibroids

A
  • Motile by flagella
  • gram negative
  • located in soil, water , airbourne
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9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori are examples of what kind of bacteria?

A

Motile helical vibroids that are gram negative

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10
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • foodbourne illness
    -associated with poultry
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11
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A
  • transmission = person -> person
  • due to salty/ fatty foods
  • attacks stomach lining
  • causes peptide ulcers/ stomach cancer
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12
Q

examples of Gram negative aerobic rod/cocci

A

pseudomonas sp.
legionella sp.
Neisseria sp. (gonorrhoeae/ meningitdis)
Brucella sp.
Bordetella sp.
Francisella sp. / F. tularensis
Rhizobium sp.
Azotobacter and Azomonas sp.
Acetobacter and Gluconbacter sp.
Zoogloea sp.

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13
Q

Pseudomonas sp.

A

motile and produces pigments
effects = weakens host
minimal carbon requirments
resistant to antibiotics/disinfectants
hospital infection (person -> person)
non pathogenic

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14
Q

Legionella sp.

A

-can be transferred from person -> person
- legionaries disease
- transmission = inhalation
- men over 50 more likely to contract
-colonize water lines

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15
Q

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis are 2 examples of what genus?

A

Neisseria sp.

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16
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A
  • gonorrhea
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17
Q

N. meningitdis

A
  • causes meningococcal meningitis
  • produces endotoxins
  • population = young adults/ head trauma
    -vaccine available
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18
Q

Brucella sp.

A
  • OIP
    -Milk bourne pathogen
  • zoonotic disease (from animals)
  • causes Brucellosis (cardiovasuclar disease)
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19
Q

How is brucella sp. obtained

A

drinking unpasteruized milk

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20
Q

Bordetella sp.

A

-causes B. pertussis in humans (whooping cough)
-kernel cough in dogs
-virulent = capsule

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21
Q

DPT or Dtap vaccine treats what microbe

A

Bordetella sp.

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22
Q

Francisella sp. (F. tularensis)

A
  • causes tularemia (rabbit fever)
  • dangerous to handle
    -transmission = breaks in skin
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23
Q

Rhizobium sp.

A

-symbiotic mutalitstic relation = legumes

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24
Q

Azotobacter and Azomonas sp.

A
  • fixes atmospheric Nitrogen
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25
Acetobacter and Gluconobacter sp.
- turns ethanol -> acetic acid (vinegar)
26
Zoogloea sp.
- sewage treatment processes -good decomposers
27
examples of faculatative anaerobic gram negative rods
- Escherichia sp. -salmonella sp. - Shigella sp. - Klebsiella sp. -Serrattia sp. - Proteus sp. -Enterobacter sp. -Yersinia sp. -Vibrio sp. -Pasterulla sp. -Haemophilus sp. -H influenzae sp.
28
Escherichia sp. (e.coli )
- enteries = gi tract - e.coil found in intestinal tract - help break down vitamin - causes UTI, diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome
29
Salmonella sp. ( S. typhi:)
-causes typhoid fever - transmission = fecal/oral
30
How is Salmonellosis obtained
eating uncooked contaminated eggs/poultry part of normal flora of reptiles
31
Shigella sp. ( shigellosis)
- is bacillary dynsentery
32
Klebsiella sp. (K. pneuomonia)
- causes septicemia and pneumonia
33
Serratia sp. (s. marcescens)
- hospital accquired bacteria (Nosocomial infection) - causes red/pink pigmentation - causes UTI's and RTI's
33
Proteus sp.
- UTI's and wound infections
34
Enterobacter sp.
- Nosocomial infections / UTI's
35
Yersinia sp. (Yersinia pestis)
-Bubonic plague (black death) -causes buboes (swollen lymph nodes) - treated by antibiotics - rat's prairie dogs
36
Vibrio sp. (vibrionaceae)
- mostly non pathogenic - aquatic/halophiles
37
V. Cholera (vibrionaceae)
- serious GI tract infection -rapid dehydration
38
V. parahemolyticus V. Vulnificus
- uncooked contaminiated shellfish
39
Pasteurella multocida (pasteurellaceae)
- capsules - from infected dog/cat bites - viral
40
Haemophilus sp. (pasteurellaceae)
- normal flora = skin oral cavity , vagina , GI - requires hemoglobin/NAO+ for growth - nonpathogenic unless location changes
41
H. influenzae (pasteurellaceae)
- influenzal meningitis - HIP vaccine = treatment -causes pink eye/eye infection
42
Gardnerella sp. (pasteurellaceae)
- common vaginalis (G. vaginallis)
43
Rickettsia and Chlamydia
- Both are OIP -small in size
44
Rickettsia sp.
- lives in cytoplasm - transmission = bite of arthropod vector - causes cardiovascular disease (spotted rash)
45
Epidemic typhus (typhus fever) (lice), Endemic typhus (rat fleas), Rocky moutain spotted fever (Ticks), and Q fever (Coxiella burnetti) belong to what genus?
Rickettsia sp.
46
Q fever (Coxiella burnetti)
- milk borne pathogen -ingestion of unpasteruized milk
47
Chlamydia sp.
- lives with vacuoles of cells - mode of transmission = airbourne/ interpersonal contact
48
C. psittasi and C. trachmatis belong to what genus?
Chlamydia sp.
49
C. psittasi (Psittacosis)
- parrot fever or Ornithosis - RT infection -transmission = airbourne
50
what infections can C. trachomatis cause
eye infections and non-gonococcal urethritis
51
C. trachomatis (eye infection)
Eye infections = Inclusion conjunctivitis and Trachoma - inclusion conjunctivitis common in infants birth canal / swimming pools - Trachoma = leading cause of global blindness - transmission = hand -> hand , for-mites, flies
52
C. trachomatis (non- gonococcal urethritis)
- leading STI in US - transmission = mainly sexual - can lead to ecoptic pregnancy, sterility, if untreated - mild symptoms fot men/ asymptomatic for women
53
Mycoplasma sp.
-no cell wall -not inhibited by penicillin - filament production
54
Mycoplasma pneumonia
- walking pneumonia -affects young adults/children
55
Gram positive cocci
- staphylococcus -streptococcus
56
Staphylococcus
- Halophile -cocci in clusters -thick pg layer
57
S. epidermidis , S aureus , and MRSA belong to what genus
Staphylococcus
58
S epidermidis
part of normal skin flora
59
S. aureus
- carriers (nostrils/skin) -food poisoning - skin infections (boils/impetigo) -toxic shock syndrome
60
methicillin resistant S. aureus
is MRSA - 40% of S. aureus is methicillin resistant
61
Streptococcus sp.
- Non halophile (no salt) -cocci in chains - produces extra cellular substance
62
Pharyngitis scarlet fever and pneumococal pneumonia are diseases caused by what?
streptococcus
63
Endospore gram + rods
Clostridium sp and Bacillus sp.
64
Clostridium sp.
- anaerobic - C. tetani = tetanus -C botullium = Botulism and Botox - C perfringens = Gas gangrene / food poisoning - C. Diff = colitis
65
Bacillus sp.
- aerobic - mainly non pathogenic - common in soil -produce antibiotics (bacitracin) - B. anthracis = anthrax
66
Non spore forming regular gram + rods
-Lactobacillus sp. and Listeria monocytogenes
67
Lactobacillus sp.
- mainly non pathogenic - produces lactic acid (for food industry) - part of normal flora
68
Listeria monocytogenes
- human pathogen = listeriosis - psychrophile/mesophile - effects immunosupressed / pregnant
69
Irregular non spore forming gram + rods
Corynebacterium sp. and Propionibacterium sp.
70
Corynebacterium sp.
-pleomorhic (different shapes) - Corynebacterium diptheriae = rt infection - DPT or DTap = vaccine
71
Propionibacterium sp.
- fermentation of swiss cheese (causes the holes) - causes P. acne = acne
72
Mycobacterium
- aerobic -non motile rods - acid fast bacilli (waxy cell wall) - mainly non-pathogenic species
73
pathogens of mycobacterium
- M tuberculosis (TB) = milk bourne pathogen - M leprae - leprosy or Hansen's disease
74
Miscellaneous bacteria
- Caulobacter sp. - Beggiatoa sp.
75
Caulobacter sp. (appendaged bacteria)
- aquatic - has stalk (prosthecae) - anchors microbe to surfaces - unique binary fission
76
What makes the binary fission process in Caulobacter sp. unique?
daughter cells are not identical
77
Beggiatoa sp. (gliding bacteria)
- slime producing - has symbiotic mutualisitc relationnship with rice - energy source = hydrogen sulfide - Detoxifies hydrogen sulfide by Desulfovibrio sp.
78
What element does beggiatoa sp. detoxify?
Hydrogen sulfide
79
Chemoautotroph bacteria
- carbon source = carbon -energy source = inorganic compounds - soil bacteria
80
Nitrobacter , Nitrosomonas sp. , and Thiobacillus are what type of bacteria
chemoautotrophs
81
Thiobacillus makes what element
sulfur
82
Nitrobacter , Nitrosomonas sp. make what element
nitrogen
83
Archaeobacteria
are extremophiles
84
what is an extremophile?
microbe found under extreme environmental conditions
85
Halobacterium (Archaeobacteria)
- require salt
86
Sulfolobus sp. (Archaeobacteria)
- require sulfur / pH of 2 (acidic) -found in volcanoes
87
Methanogens (Archaeobacteria)
- produces methane - normal flora of GI in animals - used in sewage treatment
88
Photosynthetic bacteria
- source of carbon = carbon -source of energy = sunlight
89
Cyanobacteria sp. is an example of what type of bacteria
photosynthetic bacteria
90
Streptomyces sp.
- filamentous - reproduce by asexual spores - NJ state microbe - produces most of our antibiotics - produces geosmin
91
What does geosmin which is created by streptomyces do?
gives soil its musty odor

microbiology (15 decks)

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