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Pharma > Vasodilators & The Treatment Of Angia Pectoris > Flashcards

Vasodilators & The Treatment Of Angia Pectoris Flashcards

(47 cards)

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0
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Nitrate: active metabolite of the dinitrate; used orally for prophylaxis

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1
Q

Nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate

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2
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Nitrate: very similar to nitroglycerin, slightly longer duration of action

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrate

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of action

A

Releases nitric oxide in smooth muscle, whitch activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP

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5
Q

Releases nitric oxide in smooth muscle, whitch activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP

A

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of action

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin

Effects

A

Smooth muscle relaxation especially in vessels
Other smooth muscle is relaxed but not as markedly
Vasodilation decreases venous return and heart size
May increase flow in some areas and in variant angina

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7
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation especially in vessels
Other smooth muscle is relaxed but not as markedly
Vasodilation decreases venous return and heart size
May increase flow in some areas and in variant angina

A

Nitroglycerin

Effects

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8
Q

Nitroglycerin

Clinical applications

A

Angina: sublingual form for acute episodes
Oral and transdermal forms for prophylaxis
IV form for acute coronary syndrome

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9
Q

Angina: sublingual form for acute episodes
Oral and transdermal forms for prophylaxis
IV form for acute coronary syndrome

A

Nitroglycerin

Clinical applications

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10
Q

Nitroglycerin

Toxicity

A

Orthostatic hypotension, tachcardia, headache

INTERACTIONS: synergistic hypotension with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, etc)

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11
Q

Orthostatic hypotension, tachcardia, headache

INTERACTIONS: synergistic hypotension with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, etc)

A

Nitroglycerin

Toxicity

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12
Q

Nitrate: very similar to nitroglycerin, slightly longer duration of action

A

Isosorbide dinitrate

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13
Q

Nitrate: active metabolite of the dinitrate; used orally for prophylaxis

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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14
Q

Beta blockers

A

Propranolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol

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15
Q

Atenolol

Metoprolol

A

Beta blocker, Beta1-selective blocker, less risk of bronchospam, but still significant

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16
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta blocker

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17
Q

Propranolol

Mechanism of action

A

Nonselective competitive antagonist at Beta adrenoceptors

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18
Q

Nonselective competitive antagonist at Beta adrenoceptors

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A

Propranolol

Mechanism of action

19
Q

Propranolol

Effects

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A

Decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Decreases myocardial oxygen demand

20
Q

Decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Decreases myocardial oxygen demand

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A

Propranolol

Effects

21
Q

Propranolol

Clinical applications (in angina)

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A

Prophylaxis of angina

22
Q

Prophylaxis of angina

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A

Propranolol

Clinical applications (in angina)

23
Q

Propranolol

Toxicity

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A 
Asthma
Atrioventricular block
Acute heart failure
Sedation
INTERACTION: additive with all cardiac depressants
24
``` Asthma Atrioventricular block Acute heart failure Sedation INTERACTION: additive with all cardiac depressants ```
Propranolol Toxicity
25
Calcium channel blockers
Verapamil Diltiazem Nifedipine (dihydropyridine)
26
Verapamil
Calcium channel blocker
27
Diltiazem
Calcium channel blocker
28
Nifedipine
Calcium channel blocker
29
Verapamil Diltiazem Mechanism of action
Nonselective block of L-type calcium channels in vessels and heart
30
Nonselective block of L-type calcium channels in vessels and heart
Verapamil Diltiazem Mechanism of action
31
Verapamil Diltiazem Effects
Reduced vascular resistance, cardiac rate, and cardiac force recult in decreased oxygen demand
32
Reduced vascular resistance, cardiac rate, and cardiac force recult in decreased oxygen demand
Verapamil Diltiazem Effects
33
Verapamil Diltiazem Clinical applications
Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension, others
34
Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension, others
Verapamil Diltiazem Nifedipine Clinical applications
35
Verapamil Diltiazem Toxicity
``` Atrioventricular block Acute heart failure Constipation Edema INTERACTIONS: additive with other cardiac depressant and hypotensive drugs ```
36
``` Atrioventricular block Acute heart failure Constipation Edema INTERACTIONS: additive with other cardiac depressant and hypotensive drugs ```
Verapamil Diltiazem Toxicity
37
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Mechanism of actions
Block of vascular L-type calcium channels > cardiac channels
38
Block of vascular L-type calcium channels > cardiac channels
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Mechanism of actions
39
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Effects
Like Verapamil and Diltiazem; less cardiac effect
40
Like Verapamil and Diltiazem; less cardiac effect
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Effects
41
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Clinical applications
Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension
42
Prophylaxis of angina, hypertension
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Clinical applications
43
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Toxicity
Excessive hypotension Baroreceptor reflex tachycardia INTERACTIONS: additive with other vasodilators
44
Excessive hypotension Baroreceptor reflex tachycardia INTERACTIONS: additive with other vasodilators
Nifedipine (dihydropyrdine) Toxicity
45
Like nifedipine but slower onset and longer duration (up to 12 h or longer)
Other dihydropyridines
46
Other dihydropyridines
Like nifedipine but slower onset and longer duration (up to 12 h or longer)

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