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Drugs Used In Diabetes Flashcards

(77 cards)

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0
Q

Lispro

A

Rapid-acting:Insulin

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1
Q

Insulins

A

Rapid-acting: Lispro, aspart, glulisine
Short-acting: Regular
Intermediate-acting: NPH
Long-acting: Detemir, glargine

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2
Q

aspart

A

Rapid-acting:Insulin

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3
Q

glulisine

A

Rapid-acting:Insulin

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4
Q

Regular

A

Short-acting:Insulin

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5
Q

NPH

A

Intermediate-acting: Insulin

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6
Q

Detemir

A

Long-acting: Insulin

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7
Q

glargine

A

Long-acting: Insulin

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8
Q

Rapid-acting:insulin

A

Lispro
aspart
glulisine

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9
Q

Short-acting:Insulin

A

Regular

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10
Q

Intermediate-acting: Insulin

A

NPH

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14
Q

Long-acting: Insulin

A

Detemir

Glargine

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15
Q

Insulins

Mechanism of action

A

Activate insulin receptor

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16
Q

Activate insulin receptor

A

Insulins

Mechanism of action

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17
Q

Insulins

Effects

A

Reduce circulating glucose

Promote glucose transport and oxidation;glycogen, lipid, protein synthese; and regulation of gene expression

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18
Q

Reduce circulating glucose

Promote glucose transport and oxidation;glycogen, lipid, protein synthese; and regulation of gene expression

A

Insulins

Effects

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19
Q

Insulins

Clinical applications

A

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

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20
Q

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

A

Insulins

Clinical applications

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21
Q

Insulins

Toxicity

A

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Lipodystrophy (rare)

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22
Q

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Lipodystrophy (rare)

A

Insulins

Toxicity

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23
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride

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24
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea

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25
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea

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26
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea

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27
Sulfonylurea | Mechanism of action
Insulin secretagogues: close K+ Channels in beta cells | Increase insulin release
28
Insulin secretagogues: close K+ Channels in beta cells | Increase insulin release
Sulfonylurea | Mechanism of action
29
Sulfonylurea | Effects
In patients with functioning beta cells, reduce circulating glucose Increase glycogen, fat, and protein formation Gene regulation
30
In patients with functioning beta cells, reduce circulating glucose Increase glycogen, fat, and protein formation Gene regulation
Sulfonylurea | Effects
31
Sulfonylurea | Clinical applications
Type 2 diabetes
32
Sulfonylurea | Clinical applications
Type 2 diabetes
33
Sulfonylurea | Toxicity
Hypoglycemia | Weight gain
34
Hypoglycemia | Weight gain
Sulfonylurea | Toxicity
35
Glitinides
Repaglinide | Nateglinide
36
Repaglinide
Glitinide
37
Nateglinide
Glitinide
38
Repaglinide Mechanism of action
Insulin secretagogue: similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites
39
Insulin secretagogue: similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites
Repaglinide Nateglinide Mechanism of action
40
Nateglinide Mechanism of action
Insulin secretagogue: similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites
41
Repaglinide Effects
In patients with functioning beta cells, reduces circulating glucose Increases glycogen, fat, and protein formation Gene regulation
42
In patients with functioning beta cells, reduces circulating glucose Increases glycogen, fat, and protein formation Gene regulation
``` Repaglinide (glitinides) Nateglinide (glitinides) Glipizide (sulfonylurea) Glyburide (sulfonylurea) Glimepiride (sulfonylurea) Effects ```
43
Biguanide
Metformin
44
Metformin
Biguanide
45
Metformin (Biguanide) Mechanism of action
Obscure: Reduced hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis
46
Obscure: Reduced hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis
Metformin (Biguanide) Mechanism of action
47
Metformin (Biguanide) Effects
Decreased endogenous glucose production
48
Decreased endogenous glucose production
Metformin (Biguanide) Effects
49
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose | Miglitol
50
Acarbose
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
51
Miglitol
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
52
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Mechanism of action
Inhibit intestinal a-glucosidases
53
Inhibit intestinal a-glucosidases
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Mechanism of action
54
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Effects
Reduces conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides Reduces postpradial hyperglycemia
55
Reduces conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides Reduces postpradial hyperglycemia
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Effects
56
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone | Rosiglitazone
57
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinedione
58
Rosiglitazone
Thiazolidinedione
59
Pioglitazone Mechanism of action
Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y and PPAR-a
60
Rosiglitazone Mechanism of action
Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y
61
Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y
Rosiglitazone Mechanism of action
62
Regulates gene expression by binding PPAR-y and PPAR-a
Pioglitazone Mechanism of action
63
Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone Effects
Reduces insulin resistance
64
Reduces insulin resistance
Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone Effects
65
Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists
Exenatide | Liraglutide
66
Exenatide
Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
67
Liraglutide
Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
68
Exenatide (GLP-1) Mechanism of action
Analog of GLP-1: binds to GLP-1 receptors
69
Analog of GLP-1: binds to GLP-1 receptors
Exenatide Liraglutide Mechanism of action
70
Exenatide Liraglutide Effects
Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite
71
Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite
Exenatide Liraglutide Effects
72
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin
73
Sitagliptin
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
74
Saxagliptin
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
75
Linagliptin
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
76
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin Mechanism of action
DPP-4 inhibitor: blocks degradation of GLP-1, raises circulating GLP-1 levels
77
DPP-4 inhibitor: blocks degradation of GLP-1, raises circulating GLP-1 levels
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin Mechanism of action
78
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin Effects
Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite
79
Reduces post-meal glucose excursion: increases glucose-mediated insulin release, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin Exenatide Effects

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