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Diuretics Flashcards

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0
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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1
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide
Dorszolamide

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2
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Topical for glaucoma

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3
Q

Dorszolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Topical for glaucoma

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4
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule

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5
Q

Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Mechanism of action

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6
Q

Acetazolamide

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule

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7
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Effects

A
  • Reduces reabsorbtion of HCO3- , causing self-limited diuresis
  • hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis reduces body ph, reduces intraocular pressure
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8
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Clinical applications

A

Glaucoma, moutain sickness, edema with alkalosis

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9
Q

Glaucoma, moutain sickness, edema with alkalosis

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Clinical applications

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10
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid

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11
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)

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12
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)

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13
Q

Torsemide

A

Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)

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14
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A

Loop diuretic (not sulfonamide)

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15
Q

Furosemide

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

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16
Q

Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

A

Furosemide

Mechanism of action

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17
Q

Loop diuretics

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

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18
Q

Loop diuretics

Effects

A
  • Marked increase in NaCl excretion
  • Some K wasting
  • Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  • Increased urine Ca and Mg
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19
Q
  • Marked increase in NaCl excretion
  • Some K wasting
  • Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  • Increased urine Ca and Mg
A

Loop diuretics

Effects

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20
Q

Loop diuretics

Clinical applications

A

-Pulmonary edema.
-Peripheral edema.
-Hypertension.
-Acute hypercalcemia.
-Acute hyperkalemia.
-Renal failure anion overdose (bromide, fluoride,
and iodide.

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21
Q

-Pulmonary edema.
-Peripheral edema.
-Hypertension.
-Acute hypercalcemia.
-Acute hyperkalemia.
-Renal failure anion overdose (bromide, fluoride,
and iodide.

A

Loop diuretics

Clinical applications

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22
Q

Loop diuretics

Toxicity

A 
Ototoxicity
Hypovolemia 
K wasting
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia
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23
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A 
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Bendroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethazide
Methyclothiazide
Indapamide
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24
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
25
Chlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
26
Hydroflumethazide
Thiazide diuretic
27
Methyclothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
28
Indapamide
Thiazide diuretic
29
Thiazide diuretic | Mechanism of action
Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
30
Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
Thiazide diuretic | Mechanism of action
31
Thiazide diuretic | Effects
Modest increase in NaCl excretion Some K wasting Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Decreased urine Ca
32
Modest increase in NaCl excretion Some K wasting Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Decreased urine Ca
Thiazide diuretic | Effects
33
Thiazide diuretic | Clinical applications
Hypertension Mild heart failure Nephrolithiasis Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
34
Hypertension Mild heart failure Nephrolithiasis Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Thiazide diuretic | Clinical applications
35
Thiazide diuretic | Toxicities
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Hyponatremia
36
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Hyponatremia
Thiazide diuretic | Toxicities
37
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Spironolactone Eplerenone Amiloride Triamterene
38
Spironolactone
Potassium-sparing diuretic
39
Eplerenone
Potassium-sparing diuretic
40
Amiloride
Potassium-sparing diuretic
41
Triamterene
Potassium-sparing diuretic
42
Spironolactone | Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules Weak antagonism of androgen receptor
43
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules Weak antagonism of androgen receptor
Spironolactone | Mechanism of action
44
Eplerenone | Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules Weak antagonism of androgen receptor Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor
45
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules Weak antagonism of androgen receptor Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor
Eplerenone | Mechanism of action
46
Spironolactone | Effect
Reduces Na retention and K wasting in kidney | Poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels
47
Reduces Na retention and K wasting in kidney | Poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels
Spironolactone | Effect
48
Spironolactone Eplereone Clinical application
Aldosteronism from any cause Hypokalemia due to other diuretics Postmyocardial infarction
49
Aldosteronism from any cause Hypokalemia due to other diuretics Postmyocardial infarction
Spironolactone Eplereone Clinical application
50
Spironolactone | Toxicity, interactions
Hyperkalemia Gynecomastia Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
51
Hyperkalemia Gynecomastia Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
Spironolactone | Toxicity, interactions
52
Eplerenone | Toxicity, interactions
Hyperkalemia | Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
53
Hyperkalemia | Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
Eplerenone | Toxicity, interactions
54
Amiloride | Mechanism of action
Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules
55
Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules
Amiloride | Mechanism of action
56
Amiloride | Effects
Reduces Na retention and K wasting | Increases lithium clearance
57
Reduces Na retention and K wasting | Increases lithium clearance
Amiloride | Effects
58
Amiloride | Clinical applications
Hypokalemia from other diuretics | Reduces lithium induced polyuria
59
Hypokalemia from other diuretics | Reduces lithium induced polyuria
Amiloride | Clinical applications
60
Amiloride | Toxicity
Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis
61
Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis
Amiloride | Toxicity
62
Triamterene
Mechanism like Amiloride, much less potent, more toxic.
63
Mechanism like Amiloride, much less potent, more toxic.
Triamterene

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