Flashcards in Diuretics Deck (64):
0
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide
Dorszolamide
1
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
2
Brinzolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
(Topical for glaucoma)
3
Dorszolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
(Topical for glaucoma)
4
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule
5
Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Mechanism of action
6
Acetazolamide
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of the enzyme prevents dehydration of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule
7
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Effects
-Reduces reabsorbtion of HCO3- , causing self-limited diuresis
-hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis reduces body ph, reduces intraocular pressure
8
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Clinical applications
Glaucoma, moutain sickness, edema with alkalosis
9
Glaucoma, moutain sickness, edema with alkalosis
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Clinical applications
10
Loop diuretics
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid
11
Furosemide
Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)
12
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)
13
Torsemide
Loop diuretic (sulfonamide)
14
Ethacrynic acid
Loop diuretic (not sulfonamide)
15
Furosemide
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle's loop
16
Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle's loop
Furosemide
Mechanism of action
17
Loop diuretics
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of the Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb of Henle's loop
18
Loop diuretics
Effects
-Marked increase in NaCl excretion
-Some K wasting
-Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
-Increased urine Ca and Mg
19
-Marked increase in NaCl excretion
-Some K wasting
-Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
-Increased urine Ca and Mg
Loop diuretics
Effects
20
Loop diuretics
Clinical applications
-Pulmonary edema.
-Peripheral edema.
-Hypertension.
-Acute hypercalcemia.
-Acute hyperkalemia.
-Renal failure anion overdose (bromide, fluoride,
and iodide.
21
-Pulmonary edema.
-Peripheral edema.
-Hypertension.
-Acute hypercalcemia.
-Acute hyperkalemia.
-Renal failure anion overdose (bromide, fluoride,
and iodide.
Loop diuretics
Clinical applications
22
Loop diuretics
Toxicity
Ototoxicity
Hypovolemia
K wasting
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia
23
Thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Bendroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethazide
Methyclothiazide
Indapamide
24
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
25
Chlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
26
Hydroflumethazide
Thiazide diuretic
27
Methyclothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
28
Indapamide
Thiazide diuretic
29
Thiazide diuretic
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
30
Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
Thiazide diuretic
Mechanism of action
31
Thiazide diuretic
Effects
Modest increase in NaCl excretion
Some K wasting
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Decreased urine Ca
32
Modest increase in NaCl excretion
Some K wasting
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Decreased urine Ca
Thiazide diuretic
Effects
33
Thiazide diuretic
Clinical applications
Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
34
Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Thiazide diuretic
Clinical applications
35
Thiazide diuretic
Toxicities
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
36
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Thiazide diuretic
Toxicities
37
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
38
Spironolactone
Potassium-sparing diuretic
39
Eplerenone
Potassium-sparing diuretic
40
Amiloride
Potassium-sparing diuretic
41
Triamterene
Potassium-sparing diuretic
42
Spironolactone
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules
Weak antagonism of androgen receptor
43
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules
Weak antagonism of androgen receptor
Spironolactone
Mechanism of action
44
Eplerenone
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules
Weak antagonism of androgen receptor
Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor
45
Pharmacologic antagonist of aldosteron in collecting tubules
Weak antagonism of androgen receptor
Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor
Eplerenone
Mechanism of action
46
Spironolactone
Effect
Reduces Na retention and K wasting in kidney
Poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels
47
Reduces Na retention and K wasting in kidney
Poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels
Spironolactone
Effect
48
Spironolactone
Eplereone
Clinical application
Aldosteronism from any cause
Hypokalemia due to other diuretics
Postmyocardial infarction
49
Aldosteronism from any cause
Hypokalemia due to other diuretics
Postmyocardial infarction
Spironolactone
Eplereone
Clinical application
50
Spironolactone
Toxicity, interactions
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
51
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
Spironolactone
Toxicity, interactions
52
Eplerenone
Toxicity, interactions
Hyperkalemia
Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
53
Hyperkalemia
Additive interaction with other K-retaining drugs
Eplerenone
Toxicity, interactions
54
Amiloride
Mechanism of action
Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules
55
Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules
Amiloride
Mechanism of action
56
Amiloride
Effects
Reduces Na retention and K wasting
Increases lithium clearance
57
Reduces Na retention and K wasting
Increases lithium clearance
Amiloride
Effects
58
Amiloride
Clinical applications
Hypokalemia from other diuretics
Reduces lithium induced polyuria
59
Hypokalemia from other diuretics
Reduces lithium induced polyuria
Amiloride
Clinical applications
60
Amiloride
Toxicity
Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis
61
Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis
Amiloride
Toxicity
62
Triamterene
Mechanism like Amiloride, much less potent, more toxic.
63