Flashcards in GI Drugs Deck (137):
0
Drugs used in acid-peptic diseases
Proton pump inhibitors
H2-receptor blockers
Sucralfate
Antacids
1
Proton pump inhibitors
H2-receptor blockers
Sucralfate
Antacids
Drugs used in acid-peptic diseases
2
Proton pump inhibitors
Omeprazole
Lansoprazol
Etc
3
Omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
4
Lansoprazol
Proton pump inhibitor
5
Proton pump inhibitors
Mechanism of action
Irreversible blockade of H+/K+ATPase pump in active parietal cells of stomach
6
Irreversible blockade of H+/K+ATPase pump in active parietal cells of stomach
Proton pump inhibitors
Mechanism of action
7
Proton pump inhibitors
Effects
Long-lasting reduction of stimulating and nocturnal acid secretion
8
Long-lasting reduction of stimulating and nocturnal acid secretion
Proton pump inhibitors
Effects
9
Proton pump inhibitors
Clinical applications
Peptic ulcer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Erosive gastritis
10
Peptic ulcer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Erosive gastritis
Proton pump inhibitors
Clinical applications
11
Proton pump inhibitors
Toxicities
Reduction of stomach acid may reduce absorbtion of some drugs and increase that of others
12
Reduction of stomach acid may reduce absorbtion of some drugs and increase that of others
Proton pump inhibitors
Toxicities
13
H2-receptors blockers
Cimetidine
Etc
14
H2-receptors blockers
Cimetidine
Etc
15
H2-receptors blockers
Effects
Effective reduction of nocturnal acid but less effective against stimulated secretion, very safe.
16
Effective reduction of nocturnal acid but less effective against stimulated secretion, very safe.
H2-receptors blockers
Effects
17
Sucralfate
Effects
Polymerizes at site of tissue damage (ulcer bed) and protectsagainst further damage; very insoluble with no systemic effects; must be given 4 times daily
18
Polymerizes at site of tissue damage (ulcer bed) and protectsagainst further damage; very insoluble with no systemic effects; must be given 4 times daily
Sucralfate
Effects
19
Antacids
Effects
Popular OTC medication for symtomatic relief of heartburn; not as usful as PPI and H2 blockers in peptic diseases
20
Popular OTC medication for symtomatic relief of heartburn; not as usful as PPI and H2 blockers in peptic diseases
Antacids
Effects
21
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Cholibomimetics: Neostigmine
Macrolides: Eryhromycin
22
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Cholibomimetics: Neostigmine
Macrolides: Eryhromycin
Drugs stimulating motility
23
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Mechanism of action
D2-receptor blocker
Removes inhibition of acetylcholine neurons in enteric nervous system
24
D2-receptor blocker
Removes inhibition of acetylcholine neurons in enteric nervous system
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Mechanism of action
25
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Effects
Increases gastric emptying and intestinal mobility
26
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Effects
Increases gastric emptying and intestinal mobility
27
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Clinical applications
Gastric paresis (e.g, in diabetic)
Antiemetic
28
Gastric paresis (e.g, in diabetic)
Antiemetic
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Clinical applications
29
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Toxicities
Parkinsonian symtoms due to block of central nervous system (CNS) D2 receptors
30
Parkinsonian symtoms due to block of central nervous system (CNS) D2 receptors
Drugs stimulating motility
Metoclopramid
Domperidone
Toxicities
31
Laxatives
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts
Bulk-forming laxatives
Stimulants laxatives
Stool surfactans
Chlorid channal activator
Opioid receptor antagonists
5-HT4 agonists
32
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts
Bulk-forming laxatives
Stimulants laxatives
Stool surfactans
Chlorid channal activator
Opioid receptor antagonists
5-HT4 agonists
Laxatives
33
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Mechanism of action
Osmotic agents increase water content of stool
34
Osmotic agents increase water content of stool
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Mechanism of action
35
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Effects
Usally cause evacuation within 4-6 h, sooner in large doses
36
Usally cause evacuation within 4-6 h, sooner in large doses
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Effects
37
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Clinical applications
Simple constipation
Bowel prep for endoscopy
(especially PGE solutions)
38
Simple constipation
Bowel prep for endoscopy
(especially PGE solutions)
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Clinical applications
39
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Toxicities
Magnesium may be absorbed and cause toxicity in renal imparment
40
Magnesium may be absorbed and cause toxicity in renal imparment
Magnesium hydroxide, other nonabsorbable salts and sugars
Toxicities
41
Bulk-forming laxatives
Methylcellulose
Psyllium
Etc
( increase volume of colon, stimulat evacuation)
42
Methylcellulose
Psyllium
Etc
( increase volume of colon, stimulat evacuation)
Bulk-forming laxatives
43
Stimulants (laxatives)
Senna
Cascara
(Stimulate activity; may cause cramping)
44
Senna
Cascara
(Stimulate activity; may cause cramping)
Stimulants (laxatives)
45
Stool surfactants
Docusate
Mineral oil
(Lubricate stool, ease passage)
46
Docusate
Mineral oil
(Lubricate stool, ease passage)
Stool surfactants
47
Chloride channal activators (laxatives)
Lubiprostone
Prostanoic acid derivate
(Stimulates chloride secration into intestine, increasing fluid content)
48
Lubiprostone
Prostanoic acid derivate
(Stimulates chloride secration into intestine, increasing fluid content)
Chloride channal activators (laxatives)
49
Opioid receptor antagonists (laxatives)
Alvimopan
Methylnaltrexone
(Blocks intestinal U-opioid receptors but do not enter CNS, so analgesia is maintained)
50
Alvimopan
Methylnaltrexone
(Blocks intestinal U-opioid receptors but do not enter CNS, so analgesia is maintained)
Opioid receptor antagonists (laxatives)
51
5-HT4 agonists (laxatives)
Tegaserod
(Activates enteric 5-HT4 receptors and increase intestinal mobility)
52
Tegaserod
(Activates enteric 5-HT4 receptors and increase intestinal mobility)
5-HT4 agonists (laxatives)
53
Antidiarrheal drugs
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate
Colloidal bismuth compounds
Kaolin+pectin
54
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate
Colloidal bismuth compounds
Kaolin+pectin
Antidiarrheal drugs
55
Loperamide
Mechanism of action
Activates U-opioid receptors in enteric nervous system
56
Activates U-opioid receptors in enteric nervous system
Loperamide
Mechanism of action
57
Loperamide
Effects
Slows mobility in gut with negliable CNS effects
58
Slows mobility in gut with negliable CNS effects
Loperamide
Effects
59
Loperamide
Clinical applications
Nonspecific, noninfectious diarrhea
60
Nonspecific, noninfectious diarrhea
Loperamide
Clinical applications
61
Loperamide
Toxicities
Mild cramping but little or no CNS toxicity
62
Mild cramping but little or no CNS toxicity
Loperamide
Toxicities
63
Diphenoxylate
Effects
Similar to loperamid, but high doses can cause CNS opioid effects and toxicity
64
Similar to loperamid, but high doses can cause CNS opioid effects and toxicity
Diphenoxylate
Effects
65
Colloidal bismuth compounds
Subsalicylate and citrate salts available
OTC preparations popular and have some value in travelers' diarrhea due to adsorption of toxins
66
Subsalicylate and citrate salts available
OTC preparations popular and have some value in travelers' diarrhea due to adsorption of toxins
Colloidal bismuth compounds
67
Kaolin+pectin
Adsorbent compounds available OTC in some contries
68
Adsorbent compounds available OTC in some contries
Kaolin+pectin
69
Drugs for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Alosetron (5-HT3 antagonist)
Anticholinergics
Chloride channal activators
70
Alosetron (5-HT3 antagonist)
Anticholinergics
Chloride channal activators
Drugs for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
71
Alosetron
Mechanism of action
5-HT3 antagonist of high potency and duration of binding
72
5-HT3 antagonist of high potency and duration of binding
Alosetron
Mechanism of action
73
Alosetron
Effects
Reduces smooth muscle activity in gut
74
Reduces smooth muscle activity in gut
Alosetron
Effects
75
Alosetron
Clinical applications
Approved for severe diarrhea-predominant IBS in women
76
Approved for severe diarrhea-predominant IBS in women
Alosetron
Clinical applications
77
Alosetron
Toxicities
Rare but serious constipation
Ischemic colitis
Infarction
78
Rare but serious constipation
Ischemic colitis
Infarction
Alosetron
Toxicities
79
Antiemetic drugs
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Aprepitant
Corticosteroids
Antimuscarinic
Antihistaminics
Phenothizines
Cannabinoids
80
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Aprepitant
Corticosteroids
Antimuscarinic
Antihistaminics
Phenothizines
Cannabinoids
Antiemetic drugs
81
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Mechanism of action
5-HT3 blockade in gut and CNS with shorter duration of binding than alosetron
82
5-HT3 blockade in gut and CNS with shorter duration of binding than alosetron
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Mechanism of action
83
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Effects
Extremely effective in preventing chemotheraphy induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting
84
Extremely effective in preventing chemotheraphy induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Effects
85
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Clinical applications
First-line agents in cancer chemotherapy; also useful for postop emesis
86
First-line agents in cancer chemotherapy; also useful for postop emesis
Ondasetron, other 5-HT3 antagonists
Clinical applications
87
Aprepitant
Mechanism of action
NK1-receptor blocker in CNS
88
NK1-receptor blocker in CNS
Aprepitant
Mechanism of action
89
Aprepitant
Effects
Interferes with vomiting reflex
No effect on 5-HT, dopamin or steroid receptors
90
Interferes with vomiting reflex
No effect on 5-HT, dopamin or steroid receptors
Aprepitant
Effects
91
Aprepitant
Clinical applications
Effective in reducing both early and delayed emesis in cancer chemotherapy
92
Effective in reducing both early and delayed emesis in cancer chemotherapy
Aprepitant
Clinical applications
93
Aprepitant
Toxicities
Fatigue
Dizziness
Diarrhea
CYP interactions
94
Fatigue
Dizziness
Diarrhea
CYP interactions
Aprepitant
Toxicities
95
Antimuscarinic (scopolamine)
Effective in emesis due to motion sickness; not other types
96
Effective in emesis due to motion sickness; not other types
Antimuscarinic (scopolamine)
97
Antihistaminics ( antiemetic )
Moderate efficacy in motion sickness and chemotherapy-induced emesis
98
Moderate efficacy in motion sickness and chemotherapy-induced emesis
Antihistaminics ( antiemetic )
99
Phenothiazines ( antiemetic )
Act primary through block of D2 and muscarinic receptors
100
Act primary through block of D2 and muscarinic receptors
Phenothiazines ( antiemetic )
101
Cannabinoids
Dronabinol is available for use in chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting, but associated with CNS marijuana effects
102
Dronabinol is available for use in chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting, but associated with CNS marijuana effects
Cannabinoids
103
Drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
5-Aminosalicylates, eg mesalamine
Sulfasalazine
Purine analogs, eg, 6-mercaptopurine, methtrexate
Anti-TNF antibodies, eg infliximab, others
Corticosteroids
104
5-Aminosalicylates, eg mesalamine
Sulfasalazine
Purine analogs, eg, 6-mercaptopurine, methtrexate
Anti-TNF antibodies, eg infliximab, others
Corticosteroids
Drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
105
5-Aminosalicylates
Mesalamine
106
Mesalamine
5-Aminosalicylates
107
Mesalamine
Mechanism of action
Mechanism uncertain
May be inhibition of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators
108
Mechanism uncertain
May be inhibition of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators
Mesalamine
Mechanism of action
109
Mesalamine
Clinical applications
Mild to moderately severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
110
Mild to moderately severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Mesalamine
Clinical applications
111
Anti-TNF antibodies
Infliximab
Others
112
Infliximab
Others
Anti-TNF antibodies
113
Infliximab
Mechanism of action
Bind tumor necrosis factor and prevents it from binding to its receptors
114
Bind tumor necrosis factor and prevents it from binding to its receptors
Infliximab
Mechanism of action
115
Infliximab
Effects
Suppression of several aspects of immune function, especially TH1 lymphocytes
116
Suppression of several aspects of immune function, especially TH1 lymphocytes
Infliximab
Effects
117
Infliximab
Clinical applications
Moderately severe to severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
118
Moderately severe to severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Infliximab
Clinical applications
119
Pancreatic supplements
Pancrelipase
Pancreatin
120
Pancrelipase
Pancreatic supplements
121
Pancrelipase
Mechanism of actions
Replacement enzymes from animal pancreatic extracts
122
Replacement enzymes from animal pancreatic extracts
Pancrelipase
Mechanism of actions
123
Pancrelipase
Effects
Improves digestion of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrate
124
Pancrelipase
Effects
Improves digestion of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrate
125
Pancrelipase
Clinical applications
Pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis, pancreatectomy
126
Pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis, pancreatectomy
Pancrelipase
Clinical applications
127
Bile acid therapy for gallstones
Ursodiol
128
Ursodiol
Bile acid therapy for gallstones
129
Ursodiol
Mechanism of action
Reduces cholesterol secretion into bile
130
Reduces cholesterol secretion into bile
Ursodiol
Mechanism of action
131
Ursodiol
Effects
Dissolves gallstones
132
Dissolves gallstones
Ursodiol
Effects
133
Ursodiol
Clinical applications
Gallstones in patients refusing or not eligible for surgery
134
Gallstones in patients refusing or not eligible for surgery
Ursodiol
Clinical applications
135
Orlistat
Non-amphetamine drug for treatment of obesity
136