module 4 - 10.2 the 5 kingdoms

Question 1

what are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 1

• prokaryotae (bacteria)
• protoctista (unicellular)
• fungi
• plantae (plants)
• animaliae (animals)

Question 2

what are prokaryotae?

Answer 2

• typically unicellular
• lacks nuclear membrane-bound nucleus
• no membrane bound organelles
• asexual - reproduce by binary fission (not mitosis - nuclear division)

Question 3

what are protoctista?

Answer 3

• any eukaryotic organism that isnt animal, plant or fungus
• likely share common ancestors
• unicellular and have a nucleus
• have membrane bound organelles
• nutrients obtained by photosynthesis as autotrophs

Question 4

what are autotrophs?

Answer 4

self-feeders

Question 5

what are fungi?

Answer 5

• uni/multicellular
• have nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• cell wall made of chitin
• no chloroplasts or chlorophyll
• sessile (cant move)
• have body called mycelium made from hyphae
• nutrients acquired by absorbtion - saprophytic
• have glycogen reserves

Question 6

what are plantae/plants?

Answer 6

• usually multicellular
• have nucleus + membrane bound organelles
• cellulose cell wall
• contain chlorophyll
• most are sessile, some motile using cilia/flagella
• nutrients acquired by photosynthesis - autotrophic
• have starch reserves

Question 7

how are organisms classified?

Answer 7

• base sequence in rRNA
• size of ribosomes
• cell membrane lipid stucture
• sensitivity to antibiotics

Question 8

what are the components of bacteria?

Answer 8

• 70S ribosomes
• RNA polymerase has 5 subunits
• sometimes called true bacteria

Question 9

what are the components of archaea?

Answer 9

• 70S ribosomes but closer to eukaryotic ribosomes in base sequence
• RNA polymerase varies between 8-10 subunits

Question 10

what are the components of eukarya?

Answer 10

• 80S ribosomes
• RNA polymerase has 12 subunits