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PSYCH 302 > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

did jazz musicians score higher or lower on divergent thinking test and alternate uses task?

A

higher
- transfer effect

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2
Q

what are the beneficial effects in AUT mediated by?

A
  • idea eval
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3
Q

who scored higher on openness to experience?

A
  • jazz and improv musicians
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4
Q

what does creativity correlate with?

A

personality

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5
Q

what were the result from the meta-analysis from Kampfe, Sedlmeier and Renkewitz

A
  • variable results
  • individual differences that interact with background music manipulations
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6
Q

what are the background music manipulations in the meta-analysis?

A
  • distractability
  • baseline levels of arousal
  • enjoyment/preferences related to music
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7
Q

what kind of arousal produced the best performance?

A

moderate

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8
Q

Mozart effect

A

indirect effect on performance by tweaking mood and/or physiological arousal

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9
Q

Kussner, de Groot, Hofman and Hillen study

A

changes in beta band activity during listening to background music that correlated with memory performance

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10
Q

greater beta band activity = ?

A

better memory

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11
Q

what does background music modulate?

A

general arousal

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12
Q

what 2 stimuli are associated with better memory performance?

A

emotional
arousing

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13
Q

what system is activated for enhancing memory?

A

mesolimbic reward system
- dopaminergic systems

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14
Q

what has serotonin hypothesized to do?

A
  • levels increase with music that is enjoyable
  • may interact with various learning/memory-based processes
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15
Q

Ferreri et al.

A

used fNIRS to estimate prefrontal cortex activity in elderly sample while manipulating background music during encoding

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16
Q

findings from Ferreri et al. study

A

improved learning with background music accompanied with reduced blood flow in PFC
- reduced effort required during encoding

17
Q

Judde and Rickard

A

manipulated timing of when music played following learning task in verbal material needed to be encoded in different conditions
- immediate
- 20 min after learning
- 45 min after learning

18
Q

which learning condition from the Judde study enhanced memory?

A

after 20 min

19
Q

what other processes support memory?

A

biochemical
- time dependent
- take at least 25 min to exert effect on synaptic connections

20
Q

how long after music is played does learning does up-regulation occur?

A

20-25 minutes

21
Q

music played after learning boosts what?

A

physiological arousal which upregulates normal processes of consolidation

22
Q

Rickard, Wong and Velik

A

relaxing music played post-learning phase impairs memory
- reduces arousal during beginning of consolidation process

23
Q

what is the SAM theory?

A

successive approximation model theory
- new info easier to encode when connecting it to existing memory traces
- familiar music offers possibility of attaching new info to it
- use PEG word approach

24
Q

self-production effect

A

material that is spoken is better remembered than material that is simply thought about

25
Q

singing boosts which network?

A

activates more widespread network on neural regions and/or modifying patterns of connectivity

26
Q

Peterson and Thaut

A

used EEG to measure “learning-related changes in coherence”
- singing material increased coherence between L and R frontal areas

27
Q

Sarkamo et al.

A

test effects of music on sample of stroke patients who were randomly assigned to one of three groups

28
Q

three groups in Sarkamo study

A
  • chose music to listen to for one hour
  • listened to audio book for one hour (active control)
  • did nothing (passive control)
29
Q

which group showed improvements in Sarkamo study?

A

music group
- improved verbal memory and focused attention

30
Q

Simmons-Stern, Budson and Ally

A

tested whether patients with Alzheimer’s are better able to learn lyrics that were sung compared to spoken
- sung&raquo_space;»

31
Q

Thaut, Peterson, McIntosh, Hoemberg study

A

MS pateints
- allowed generalization that it is easier to rmr info in song format for everyone

32
Q

why doe people in clinical populations remember material better when sung?

A

widely distributed network of brain regions involved in musical perception that provide more opportunity for involvement of relatively normal functioning neurons

33
Q

what is introduced in the system that some neurons can function normally and contribute to effective coding?

A

graceful degradation
- redundancy
- one pathway doesn’t work then other pathway takes over and works instead (piggyback)

34
Q

what happens if there is damage to small areas we rely on?

A

encoding may not be possible

PSYCH 302 (31 decks)

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