Lecture 10 Flashcards
what does executive function refer to
cognitive abilities, self control, attention, working memory and cognitive flexibility
when knowledge and skills from ice hockey is transferred to street hockey, what is this an example of
near transfer
when knowledge and skills from ice hockey is transferred to writing exams, what is this an example of
far transfer
what is the Mozart effect based on early reports
there is improved performance in cognitive tasks if done while listening to music
there have been some changes to the Mozart effect, what are these
listening to music could have positive effects on mood and arousal
OPERA stands for what
overlap, precision, emotion, repetition and attention
what does the OPERA hypothesis say
it says musical training can enhance our encoding
is there any evidence for near transfer
yes -> better pitch perception correlated with better performance on phonemic awareness test
true or false - there is valid evidence for far transfer effects on executive function
false - there are inconsistent results
what type of studies have shown positive transfer effects of executive function
cross sectional studies -> comparing musicians and non musicians
from the cross sectional studies on transfer effects of executive function, what were the results for adults and children
adults -> adult musicians show better cognitive flexibility, working memory and verbal fluency
children -> with musical training, they show better verbal fluency, rule representation and task switching
what tasks are used to test cognitive flexibility
wisconsin card task
if you damage your ______, you will have problems with cognitive flexibility
frontal lobe
why are there limitations of cross sectional studies
because there are always uncontrolled variables such as personality, mood and SES
there is another type of study that can be used rather than cross sectional studies when finding evidence for far transfer effects, what is it
longitudinal studies