Lecture 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does changing the temporal structure of a note cause?

A

change in the neural response and perceptual experience

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2
Q

what is the power spectra?

A

indicates relative magnitude of freq components that combine to make up signal

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3
Q

what does reversing attack and decay show?

A

shows how important timbre is- playing the same note doesnt mean it’s going to sound the same

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4
Q

how do major and minor chords differ?

A
  • associated neural processing
  • affective experience they generate
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5
Q

why do major and minor chords differ?

A

relatively small change in raw info/data available

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6
Q

what differences does a minor chord have from a major chord?

A
  • minor has 2 out of 3 same notes but there is a difference in the half-step for the third notes
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7
Q

what does shifting a single note do?

A

one half step can cause it to sound like you have stepped out of key

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8
Q

what does the power spectra fail to convey?

A

fails to convey any info about temporal changes in harmonic amplitude which is crucial to timbre

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9
Q

what was Schutz and Vaisberg interested in?

A

determining the amount of amplitude variation found in temporal structures of auditory stimuli using systematic review

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10
Q

what were the 3 classifications of stimuli in the Schutz study?

A

flat (lacking temporal variation)
percussive (decaying notes)
other (sustained notes with no decay)

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11
Q

what was the results from the Schutz and Vaisberg study?

A

35% of studies reported no info about temporal structure of stimuli whatsoever
- went into exhaustive detail about other aspects

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12
Q

what was discovered about 4 yr old when they played instruments together?

A

more spontaneous acts of helping each other
- active condition

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13
Q

what was discovered about infants that bounced in time with music show?

A

more prosocial helping behavior than those who weren’t in sync

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14
Q

what happens to newborns when a strong beat “skips a beat”?

A

larger mismatch response (MMR, using EEG)
compared to weaker beat that suggests they begin modelling some aspects of temporal dynamic from early age
- form of error signal

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15
Q

when do aspects of neural response to music happen?

A

adult responses start at 8 or 9 yrs old

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16
Q

joint action

A

involves cooperation with at least one other person to achieve some goal often requiring some high degree of temporal spatial coordination
- involves joint attention

17
Q

what was the Novembre, Mitsopoulos, Keller study?

A

pairs of participants perform a joint-music making task involving rotating handles on music boxes

18
Q

what was the construct measured called in joint action experiment?

A

empathetic perspective taking

19
Q

what was the outcome of the joint action experiment?

A

high EPT followers able to model/predict what their partner did
- empathetic perspective taking promotes interpersonal coordination by enhancing accuracy in predicting others behavior

20
Q

what do motor simulations do?

A

represent actions by the same motor structures involved in reproduction of actions

21
Q

when do motor representations get activated?

A

when perceiving rhythm

22
Q

what was the Novembre, Ticini, Schutz-Bosbach and Keller study?

A

people played half of duet with right hand
- whether or not left hand part of duet was manipulated it needed to adapt

23
Q

what was used to stimulate the right hemisphere?

A

TMS
- contralateral wiring

24
Q

what was the result of the TMS experiment?

A

TMS-based manipulation negatively impacted what was being played with the right hand for the group that had learned the left-hand part
- group which learned the left hand part of piece were drawing on representation within motor systme to guide behavior for the right-hand controlled piece

25
Q

what are motor based representations important for?

A

internalized musical representations that guide behavior

26
Q

what does the TMS study discuss?

A

co-representations of observed and executed actions is important for rhythmic cooperation

27
Q

what was the Fairhurst, Janata and Keller study?

A

manipulated whether virtual partner in rhythm-based tapping task was cooperative or difficult

28
Q

what did the tapping experiment find?

A

activity in premotor cortex increased in cooperative condition