Lecture 34 Flashcards
what were the methods of kim, wigram and gold’s study on whether improvisational music therapy was different than a control therapy
methods -> within subjects design -> music therapy sessions left by therapist and by the child -> various behaviors reported
describe the humanistic approach to how music has been studied
focuses on descriptions of experiences -> example : what is considered beautiful sounding music
describe the systematic approach to studying music
uses conventions of modern science aimed at uncovering universal rules for producing music -> musical experience can be considered to correspond to biological function
which approach assumes there are universal features shared by humans throughout their life
systematic approach
what are the 3 goals of the systematic approach related to
- identification of brain regions involved in musical perception
- neural foundations of music perception and emotion
- musical effects on cognitive processes
the paradigm shift is away from _______ approach to ________ approach
systematic -> humanistic
perceptual/cognitive features haver overshadowed other equally important features such as
instrumentation, performance style and social context
Schafer et al. conducted a meta analysis to understand reasons as to why people listen to music , what were the 3 reasons
social relatedness, self awareness and mood regulation
how do we define aesthetic experience
psychological state determined by interaction with an object which we attribute positive/negative qualities according to cognitive, affective or cultural criteria
what do neuroaesthetic attempt to do
understand the neural principles underlying processes that compose a human aesthetic experience with an artistic object
the aesthetic experience is dependent on what factors
previous experience, attitudes toward the stimuli, mood and biological predispositions
formalist theories focus on what
bottom up contributions (based on physical properties of the stimuli) -> responses as automatic
contextual theories focus on what
top down contributions (based on previous experience)
redies suggested aesthetic experiences are dependent on what processes
deep processing to engage cognitive, affective and evaluative processes
according to Redies model, three things need to happen in order to facilitate an aesthetic experience , what are these 3
- enhancement of low sensory processing
- involvement of cortical areas for making judgements
- involvement of reward circuits