Lecture 34 Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the methods of kim, wigram and gold’s study on whether improvisational music therapy was different than a control therapy

A

methods -> within subjects design -> music therapy sessions left by therapist and by the child -> various behaviors reported

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1
Q

describe the humanistic approach to how music has been studied

A

focuses on descriptions of experiences -> example : what is considered beautiful sounding music

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2
Q

describe the systematic approach to studying music

A

uses conventions of modern science aimed at uncovering universal rules for producing music -> musical experience can be considered to correspond to biological function

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3
Q

which approach assumes there are universal features shared by humans throughout their life

A

systematic approach

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4
Q

what are the 3 goals of the systematic approach related to

A
  1. identification of brain regions involved in musical perception
  2. neural foundations of music perception and emotion
  3. musical effects on cognitive processes
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5
Q

the paradigm shift is away from _______ approach to ________ approach

A

systematic -> humanistic

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6
Q

perceptual/cognitive features haver overshadowed other equally important features such as

A

instrumentation, performance style and social context

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7
Q

Schafer et al. conducted a meta analysis to understand reasons as to why people listen to music , what were the 3 reasons

A

social relatedness, self awareness and mood regulation

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8
Q

how do we define aesthetic experience

A

psychological state determined by interaction with an object which we attribute positive/negative qualities according to cognitive, affective or cultural criteria

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9
Q

what do neuroaesthetic attempt to do

A

understand the neural principles underlying processes that compose a human aesthetic experience with an artistic object

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10
Q

the aesthetic experience is dependent on what factors

A

previous experience, attitudes toward the stimuli, mood and biological predispositions

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11
Q

formalist theories focus on what

A

bottom up contributions (based on physical properties of the stimuli) -> responses as automatic

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12
Q

contextual theories focus on what

A

top down contributions (based on previous experience)

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13
Q

redies suggested aesthetic experiences are dependent on what processes

A

deep processing to engage cognitive, affective and evaluative processes

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14
Q

according to Redies model, three things need to happen in order to facilitate an aesthetic experience , what are these 3

A
  1. enhancement of low sensory processing
  2. involvement of cortical areas for making judgements
  3. involvement of reward circuits
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15
Q

neuroaesthetic research focuses on 3 elements of aesthetic experience … what are they

A
  1. aesthetic emotions -> subjective feelings of an artistic object
  2. preference -> conscious
  3. aesthetic judgements -> subjective evaluations based on individual criteria
16
Q

what are the 5 factors that exert huge influence on aesthetic judgements

A

environment, intentions, familiarity, expertise and attitudes

17
Q

what is a challenge to the study comparing music therapy to play therapy

A

how does overt behavior get coded

18
Q

how are the behaviors in the music therapy experiment compared

A

using an interclass correlation coefficient

19
Q

true or false - the improv group demonstrated more initiation of engagement behaviors than the toy play group

A

true

20
Q

which result, of the experiment comparing the music therapy to play therapy, was consistent with the ideas of the mirror neuron system

A

there were more instances of emotional synchronicity in the improv group

21
Q

define attunement

A

reactivity to other people

22
Q

true or false - the improv group was less compliant than the play group

A

false - they were more compliant

23
Q

along with the high proportion of compliant responses in the improv group, what other result promoted cooperative behaviors

A

improv group had half as many no responses -> refers to the child showing no sign of awareness to the therapist’s initation of interaction