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CPT Course > Chapter 5: Lesson 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiorespiratory system

A

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways.

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

A system of the body, also known as the circulatory system, that transports blood to tissues of the body.

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3
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs.

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs.

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle of the heart.

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

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7
Q

Smooth muscle

A

An involuntary nonstriated muscle type that is found in organs.

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8
Q

Myofibrils

A

The contractile components of a muscle cell; the myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within a myofibril.

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9
Q

Sarcomere

A

The structural unit of a myofibril, composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines.

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10
Q

Atrium (atria)

A

Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.

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11
Q

Ventricle

A

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

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12
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Found in the heart, these formations help hold together muscle cells.

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13
Q

Resting heart rate (RHR)

A

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

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14
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.

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15
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.

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16
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

17
Q

End-diastolic volume

A

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.

18
Q

End-systolic volume

A

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.

19
Q

Heart rate (HR)

A

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute).

20
Q

Bradycardia

A

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

21
Q

Tachycardia

A

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

22
Q

Cardiac output (Q)

A

The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).

23
Q

Blood

A

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also transports waste products from the body to other compartments or organs for either processing (e.g., liver) or excretion (e.g., kidney).

24
Q

Growth factors

A

Substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid in growth and development, and help with healing after injury

25
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells within the body that divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells.

26
Q

Blood vessels

A

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

27
Q

Arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs.

28
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.

29
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs.

30
Q

Arterioles

A

Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries.

31
Q

Venules

A

Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

32
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

The formation of new capillaries.

33
Q

Angiogenesis

A

The formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels.

34
Q

Venous pooling

A

The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.

35
Q

Blood pressure (BP)

A

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.

36
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.

37
Q

Hypertension

A

Consistently elevated blood pressure.

CPT Course (102 decks)

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