Chapter 9: Lesson 2 Flashcards
Protein
Amino acids linked by peptide bonds; the building blocks of body tissues.
Amino acids
Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
Peptide bond
A chemical bond that connects two amino acids.
Essential amino acid (EAA)
Amino acid that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it; there are nine essential amino acids.
Substrates
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Protein turnover
A process in which the body breaks down existing proteins and recycles the component amino acids for incorporation into new proteins or other nitrogen-containing compounds.
Complete protein
A protein source that provides all essential amino acids.
Incomplete protein
A protein that lacks one or more of the amino acids required to build cells.
Omnivorous diet
A diet that consists of both animals and plants.
Mutual supplementation
Combination of two incomplete protein sources that together provide all of the essential amino acids.
Protein quality
Refers to the amino acid profile and the digestibility of a protein source.
Low biological value (LBV) proteins
Foods missing one or more of the essential amino acids.
High biological value (HBV) proteins
Foods containing all the essential amino acids.
Protein efficiency ratio (PER)
A measure of assessing proteins, based on the amount of weight gained by a test subject divided by the amount of intake of a protein food.
Biologic
Biological value (BV)
A reference amount used to describe the extent to which the amino acids in a protein source are absorbed.
