Chapter 10: Lesson 3

Question 1

Health supplement

Answer 1

A dietary supplement used to improve a component of well-being.

Question 2

Performance supplement

Answer 2

A dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition; may also be referred to as an ergogenic aid.

Question 3

Vitamins

Answer 3

Group of organic compounds required in small quantities in the diet to support growth and metabolic processes.

Question 4

Minerals

Answer 4

Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition. There are two kinds of minerals: major minerals (aka, macrominerals) and trace minerals.

Question 5

Biologically active

Answer 5

The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body.

Question 6

Biologically inactive

Answer 6

The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body.

Question 7

Biologically inactive

Answer 7

Any form of vitamin that cannot exert its effect within the body.

Question 8

Beta-carotene

Answer 8

The red-orange pigment found in vegetables and fruits that is converted to vitamin A in the body.

Question 9

Lactose intolerance

Answer 9

A sensitivity to lactose (milk sugar) typically resulting in gastrointestinal distress.

Question 10

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 10

Gastrointestinal discomfort, sometimes severe, triggered by certain foods but is not a food allergy.

Question 11

Rickets

Answer 11

A bone weakness disease caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Question 12

Osteoporosis

Answer 12

A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.

Question 13

Heart arrhythmias

Answer 13

Irregular heartbeat.

Question 14

Platelet aggregation

Answer 14

An accumulation of blood cells prior to a clot.

Question 15

Immunodeficiency

Answer 15

A weakened immune system.

Question 16

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 16

Nerve damage not occurring in the brain or spinal cord.

Question 17

Skeletal myopathy

Answer 17

Muscle degeneration.

Question 18

Collagen

Answer 18

A protein found in connective tissue, muscles, and skin that provides strength and structure. It is the most abundant protein in the human body.

Question 19

Scurvy

Answer 19

A disease resulting from insufficient vitamin C and characterized by spontaneous bleeding (usually of the gums), anemia, swelling, weakened joints, and loss of teeth.

Question 20

Beriberi

Answer 20

A thiamine deficiency that can result in inflammation or degeneration of the heart and nerves, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function.

Question 21

Pellagra

Answer 21

A niacin or tryptophan deficiency that leads to a skin rash (dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), and mood or cognitive decline (dementia).

Question 22

Anorexia

Answer 22

A loss of appetite or the conscious decision to avoid eating, often leading to dangerously low body weight and/or malnourishment.

Question 23

Anemia

Answer 23

A condition of poor iron status.

Question 24

Dermatitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the skin, rashes, excessive dryness, and/or blistering.

Question 25

Spina bifida

Answer 25

A birth defect, and type of neural tube defect, when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly.

Question 26

Amenorrheic

Answer 26

Absence of menstruation.

Question 27

Osteopenia

Answer 27

Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.

Question 28

Lacto-ovo vegetarian

Answer 28

A vegetarian diet that also includes dairy and eggs.

Question 29

Ovo-vegetarian

Answer 29

A vegetarian diet that also includes eggs.

Question 30

Hypercalcemia

Answer 30

Excess blood calcium levels.

Question 31

Heme

Answer 31

A type of iron found in animal foods.

Question 32

Nonheme

Answer 32

A type of iron found in plant foods.

Question 33

Hemochromatosis

Answer 33

A disease in which the body absorbs too much iron from consumed foods.

Question 34

Omega-3

Answer 34

The polyunsaturated fats, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).

Question 35

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Answer 35

A type of omega-3 fatty acid found in the flesh of cold-water fish, such as tuna, mackerel, salmon, and herring.

Question 36

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Answer 36

A type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in seafood, such as fish and fish oils.

Question 37

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

Answer 37

One type of omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds and oils, such as walnuts and flaxseed, and many common vegetable oils.

Question 38

Triglycerides

Answer 38

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.