Chapter 8: Lesson 2 Flashcards
Mechanical work
The physical processes that move the body and keep it alive, such as muscle contraction.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate is formed.
Phosphorylation
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, such as in the transfer of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate to create adenosine triphosphate.
ATP-PC System
An energy system that provides energy very rapidly, for approximately 10–15 seconds, via anaerobic metabolism.
Anaerobic
Processes relating to the absence of oxygen.
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that occurs in the cytosol of a cell that converts glucose into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate. Anaerobic glycolysis refers to when this process occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation
A series of reactions inside the mitochondria that uses oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate.
Aerobic
Processes relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen.
Deamination
The breakdown of amino acids into substrates that can be used for energy metabolism.
Mitochondria
The parts of the cell that use nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouses of the cell.
Electron transport chain (ETC)
A series of protein complexes that transfer protons and electrons received from the citric acid cycle through a series of reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Acetyl coenzyme A
Produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates through glycolysis and by the fatty acids through beta-oxidation and is the precursor for these substrates to the citric acid cycle.
Beta-oxidation
The first step in the process to break down fats via oxidative phosphorylation.
