~~ Genetics, evolution and biological perspective QUIZ Flashcards
an initial biological approach was Eysenck , who argued that ________ are more cortically aroused than ________
A) introverts; extroverts
B) extrovers; introverts
C) introverts; neurotics
D) neurotics; introverts
A) introverts; extroverts
in relation to newer knowledge, the Behavioural approach system (BAS) is assumed to be involved in
A) serotonin and/or GABA activity
B) conditioning involving negative outcomes, but not positive outcomes
C) regulating movement toward a desired state
D) regulating movement away from undesired states
C) regulating movement toward a desired state
in relation to newer knowledge, the Behavioural inhibition system (BIS) is assumed to be involved in
A) conditioning involving positive outcomes, but not negative outcomes
B) dopamine activity
C) regulating movement toward a desired state
D) regulating movement away from undesired states
D) regulating movement away from undesired states
in relation to the Behavioural approach system (BAS), which is the following is NOT true
A) High BAS-sensitive people respond to positive mood manipulations
B) People with different levels of BAS sensitivity demonstrate differences in behavioural and emotional responses to incentives
C) May be related to serotonin and/or GABA activity
D) Relates to conditioning involving positive outcomes, but not negative outcomes
C) May be related to serotonin and/or GABA activity
in relation to the Behavioural inhibition system (BIS), which is the following is NOT true
A) Relates to conditioning involving negative outcomes, but not positive outcomes
B) People with different levels of BIS sensitivity demonstrate differences in behavioural and emotional responses to punishment
C) Responsible for positive emotions
D) High BIS-sensitive people respond to anxiety manipulations
C) Responsible for positive emotions
with regard to problems in behaviour, high levels of _______ promotes disorders involving anxiety
A) stress sensitivity
B) threat sensitivity
C) approach response
D) avoidance response
B) threat sensitivity
according to the biological perspective, what kind of response may contribute to depression?
A) high threat response
B) low approach response
C) low threat response
D) both A and B
D) both A and B
according to the biological perspective, if one has a high approach, low avoidance behaviour, what is this most likely to yield symtoms of?
A) anxiety
B) depression
C) antisocial personality
D) acute stress
C) antisocial personality
impulsive sensation seeking and testosterone are adverse behavioural outcomes related to
A) high approach, low avoidance
B) low approach, low avoidance
C) high approach, high avoidance
D) low approach, high avoidance
A) high approach, low avoidance
this orientation to personality suggests that therapy based in part on medication is a means to bring about behavioural change
A) behavioural
B) biological
C) evolution
D) genetic
B) biological
what behavioural outcome is related to Eysenck’s psychoticism dimension?
A) criminal offences
B) antisocial
C) dominance
D) sensation seeking tendencies
D) sensation seeking tendencies
what behavioural outcome is related to Tellegen’s constraint dimension?
A) criminal offences
B) antisocial
C) dominance
D) sensation seeking
D) sensation seeking tendencies
if sensation seeking is related to Eysenck’s psychoticism dimension, in terms of behavioural approach avoidance system, what would one most likely see?
A) high approach
B) high avoidance
C) low threat response
D) high threat sensitivity
A) high approach
both Eysenck’s psychoticism dimension and Tellegen’s constraint dimension relate to the temperament of
A) effortful control
B) activity level
C) sociability
D) emotionality
A) effortful control
The biological process approach to personality suggests it may be possible to assess personality through _________
A) biological functions
B) parental outcomes
C) infant behaviour
D) none of the above
A) biological functions
what hormone fluctuates with the context, increasing with challenges and victories and decreasing with failures
A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) testosterone
D) testosterone
Factor analysis with personality items has found ________ linked with impulsivity, sensation seeking, and dominance
A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) testosterone
D) testosterone
what hormone appears to relate to female responses to stress, termed a tend-and-befriend response
A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) testosterone
C) oxytocin
responses from this hormone may be involved in the attachment system, and it may relate to social bonding more generall
A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) testosterone
C) oxytocin
an approach that argues that personality is genetically determined and that human behaviour tendencies arise from evolutionary processes
A) biological
B) genetic
C) behavioural
D) psychodynamic
B) genetic
studying the ways to find out whether personality differences are inherited
A) experimental research
B) cross cultural research
C) behavioural genetics
D) brain imaging
C) behavioural genetics
broad inherited traits that appear early in life
A) temperament
B) disposition
C) temper
D) character
A) temperament
evidence on temperament supports genetic influences on the following EXCEPT
A) activity level
B) regulation
C) sociability
D) emotionality
B) regulation
which of the following have not been suggested from more recent views on temperament?
A) delay of gratification
B) avoidance
C) effortful control
D) approach
A) delay of gratification
which of the following is not one of the three fundamental temperaments?
A) activity level
B) regulation
C) sociability
D) emotionality
B) regulation
The idea that dispositions are genetically influenced can be extended a step further, to the suggestion that many aspects of human social behaviour are products of evolution. This idea is behind an area of work termed
A) anthropology
B) sociology
C) sociobiology
D) neurobiology
C) sociobiology
sociobiology is also known as
A) developmental psychology
B) evolutionary psychology
C) biopsychology
D) none of the above
B) evolutionary psychology
the difference between biopsychology and evolutionary psychology is
A) immediate vs ultimate
B) change vs development
C) time vs place
D) cognition vs behaviour
A) immediate vs ultimate
_____ propose ways to account for various aspects of human behaviour, even behaviour that on the face of it seems not to provide an evolutionary advantage
A) anthropology
B) sociology
C) sociobiology
D) neurobiology
C) sociobiology
The evolutionary view also has implications concerning
A) personality types
B) mate selection
C) adaptability
D) temperaments
B) mate selection
what is a limitation of the genetic approach to personality?
A) places to much account on assessment
B) says little about assessment
C) suggests what dispositions are important to assess
D) provides the basis of studies of temperament
B) says little about assessment
If Melanie had tickets to an upcoming concert and gets excited just thinking about the concert (although it isn’t until next week). Every time she does, she’s ready to jump in the car, Melanie would be
A) Moderate in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
B) Very high in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
C) Very low in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
D) No incentive reactivity
B) Very high in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
If Barbara had tickets to an upcoming concert and is calm when thinking about the concert and knows shell enjoy it but is not responsive to thoughts of potential rewards, Barbara would be
A) Moderate in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
B) Very high in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
C) Low in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
D) No incentive reactivity
C) Low in incentive reactivity, BAS sensitivity
Randy just took a psychology test and suspect he did badly. He is almost at a panic about it, how would Randy be described?
A) Having no emotional reaction to the sense of threat
B) Reacting emotionally to the sense of threat
C) Experiencing heightened cognitive processing during the threat
D) Being indifferent to the test results
B) reacting emotionally to the sense of threat
who focuses on the question of how behavior patterns might get built
A) molecular geneticists
B) heritability estimates
C) genomics
D) sociobiologists
D) sociobiologists
introverts are characterized by a
a. preference for lower levels of stimulation.
b. base level of lower cortical arousal.
c. lower degree of alertness.
d. all of these answers are correct
a. preference for lower levels of stimulation.