~~ Trait Perspective QUIZ Flashcards
according to the trait perspective, categorising people as types is no longer prominent in personality psychology, why is this?
A) types are less stable
B) they are discontinuous categories of personalities, with individuals falling into one category or another
C) most people have many things in common
D) traits may be possessed by only one person
B) they are discontinuous categories of personalities, with individuals falling into one category or another
Traits are ________ rather than ________, with people sitting along a continuum of behaviour
A) qualitative; quantitative
B) quantitative; qualitative
C) stable; unstable
D) unstable; stable
B) quantitative; qualitative
_______ are continuous dimensions of variability, along which any person can be placed
A) factors
B) types
C) loadings
D) traits
D) traits
The idea that traits exist and have the same meaning in everyone is consistent with the _________ approach to personality.
a. nomothetic
b.commonality
c. idiographic
d.implicit
a. nomothetic
Cattell’s approach to understanding personality can best be described as:
a.theoretical.
b.rational.
c.empirical.
d.psychoanalytic.
c.empirical
using factor analysis, Cattell found 171 trait names, which were subsequently broken down into _____ primary factors of personality
A) 85
B) 171
C) 57
D) 16
D) 16
what type of analysis is used by many trait psychologists?
A) content analysis
B) factor analysis
C) supertrait analysis
D) genetic analysis
B) factor analysis
the more variability in ratings a factor accounts for, the
A) less important the factor
B) more stable the factor
C) more important the factor
D) less stable the factor
C) more important the factor
what is NOT true regarding factor analysis?
A) Factor analysis can only be used with self-report data.
B) tell which observations do and do not reflect a factor well, helping to refine scales
C) Labeling the factors extracted from factor analysis is a subjective process.
D) None of the above; all of the statements are true.
A.Factor analysis can only be used with self-report data.
the theoretical approach was demonstrated by who?
A) Eysenck
B) Cattell
C) Wiggins
D) Jung
A) Eysenck
Other labels for this factor are social adaptability, assertiveness or energy. People who are high on this trait generally have values and life goals centred around achievement, status, excitement and children
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism
C) extraversion
Other labels for this factor are conformity, friendly compliance and likeability. People who are high on this trait generally have values and life goals centred around benevolence, tradition and harmony.
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism
B) agreeableness
Other labels for this factor are responsibility and will to achieve. People who are high on this trait generally have values and life goals centred around health, relationships and stability.
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism
A) conscientiousness
Other labels for this factor are emotional lability and emotional control. People who are high on this trait generally have values and life goals centred around personal safety and mood management
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism
D) neuroticism
Other labels for this factor are intellect, culture and imagination. People who are high on this trait generally have values and life goals centred around experimentation, artistic interests and low stress.
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) openness
D) oppenness
______ holds that personality and situations interact in several ways to determine behaviour
A) Context-Dependent Expression
B) trait behaviourism
C) Interactionism
D) situationism
C) Interactionism
the idea that behaviour is controlled primarily by situational influences and was proved wrong
A) Context-Dependent Expression
B) trait behaviourism
C) Interactionism
D) situationism
D) situationism
Personality assessment from the viewpoint of trait psychology involves developing a
A) trait profile
B) personality profile
C) trait factors
D) second order factors
B) personality profile
a description of where the person being assessed falls on all the dimensions being measured by the inventory.
A) trait profile
B) personality profile
C) trait factors
D) second order factors
B) personality profile
In this model, certain dispositions may create a susceptibility to some kind of problem, but the problem occurs only under certain conditions, usually involving stress.
A) hierarchical model
B) diathesis-stress model
C) topographical model
D) structural model
B) diathesis-stress
The limitation of the trait model is that is _______ rather than ________.
A) prescriptive; descriptive
B) descriptive; explanatory
C) explanatory; descriptive
D) descriptive; prescriptive
B) descriptive; explanatory
The trait approach to personality makes the point that:
a.people’s dispositions are relatively inconsistent across situations.
b.people’s dispositions are relatively inconsistent across time.
c.one person’s pattern of dispositional qualities is much like the next person’s.
d.none of the above
d.none of the above
The idea that people are different in important ways goes back to at least:
a.400 BC.
b.200 AD.
c.1800 AD.
d.1880 AD
a.400 BC.
In typologies proposed by Hippocrates and Galen, sanguine people were thought to be:
a.optimistic.
b.irritable.
c.depressed.
d.calm.
a.optimistic
Which of the following is not one of the four personality categories proposed by Hippocrates and Galen?
a.(choleric) irritable
b.(sanguine) optimistic
c.(malcontent) unhappy
d.(phlegmatic) calm
c.(malcontent) unhappy
_________ categorized people as either introverts or extraverts.
a.Hippocrates
b.Galen
c.Carl Jung
d.none of the above
c.Carl Jung
How are traits and typologies different from one another?
a.Traits refer to the whole person whereas typologies refer to specific aspects of the person.
b.Traits are seen as varying on a continuum whereas typologies put people in distinct categories.
c.Traits are changeable whereas typologies are fixed.
d.They are not different; traits and typologies are two words for the same phenomenon.
b.Traits are seen as varying on a continuum whereas typologies put people in distinct categories.
Unlike type approaches, trait approaches treat differences between people:
a.as less stable.
b.as quantitative.
c.as qualitative.
d.in terms of aggregations
b.as quantitative.
The idea that traits exist and have the same meaning in everyone is consistent with the _________ approach to personality.
a. nomothetic
b.commonality
c. idiographic
d.implicit
a. nomothetic
The idiographic view emphasizes that:
a.most people have many things in common.
b.when two people both possess a trait, that tends to mean the same thing.
c.a trait may be possessed by only one person.
d.none of the above
c.a trait may be possessed by only one person.
Factor analysis:
a.provides a way to analyze qualitative data.
b.is useful only when dealing with self-reports.
c.represents a technique for identifying underlying dimensions.
d.directs you to collect data of a certain type.
c.represents a technique for identifying underlying dimensions.
The dimensions that emerge from a factor analysis are called:
a.factors.
b.loadings.
c.extractions.
d.analyses.
a.factors.
Which of the following statements about factor analysis is true?
a.It increases the number of traits psychologists can use to describe personality
b.It provides a basis for arguing that most all traits are equally important in describing personality.
c.Its use had dropped off since the advent of computers.
d.It assists in the development of assessment devices.
d.It assists in the development of assessment devices.
Cattell’s approach to understanding personality can best be described as:
a.theoretical.
b.rational.
c.empirical.
d.psychoanalytic.
c.empirical.
