NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE Flashcards by Jordan Crystal

sociologist Giddens, as a modern view of what gives human lives meaning and purpose wrote that a persons identity is not to be found in behaviour, not in the reactions of others, but in

A) Societal expectations.

B) Adherence to predetermined roles.

C) The capacity to keep a particular narrative going.

D) Conforming to external pressures.

C) The capacity to keep a particular narrative going.

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from the narrative perspective, high generative adults are what McAdams calls

A) the agentic self

B) the transformative self

C) the reflective self

D) the redemptive self

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according to McAdams life stories are

A) shaped by imagination

B) detached from experiences

C) fabricated in fantasy

D) grounded in reality

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what is a persons narrative identity

A) a person’s fixed biography

B) a person’s internalized and evolving life story

C) a person’s externalized aspirations

D) a person’s disconnected memories

B) a persons internalised and evoloving life storty

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according to the life stories view, traits provide a dispositional outline concerning

A) momentary reactions to specific stimuli

B) individual preferences in specific situations

C) cross-generational patterns of behavior

D) cross-situational trends in behavior

D) cross-situational trends in behaviour

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according to the life scripts perspective, what are viewed as level 1, level 2, and level 3 personality levels

A) inborn tendencies; situational responses; autobiographical memories

B) temperaments; acquired habits; life scripts

C) personality traits; contextual adjustments; narrative constructions

D) traits; characteristic adaptations; life stories

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characteristic adaptations fill in the detials by

A) elaborating on genetic predispositions

B) specifying motivational, social-cognitive, and developmental issues and concerns

C) neglecting individual differences

D) focusing solely on environmental influences

B) specifying motivational, social-cognitive and developemental issues and concerns

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life stories tell us how a person sees their life in the overall and over time and what the

A) overall meaning of that purpose of that life might be

B) immediate daily goals and challenges

C) detailed analysis of individual events

D) chronological order of events in their life

A) overall meaning of that purpose of that life might be

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Bruner argues that humans understand the world in two very different modes of thought, what are they

A) Logical mode and creative mode.

B) Linear mode and nonlinear mode.

C) Analytical mode and holistic mode.

D) Paradigmatic mode and narrative mode.

D) paradigmatic mode and narrative mode

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in this mode of thought, we end to comprehend our experiences in terms of tightly reasoned analysis, logical proof and empirical observation

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

A) Paradigmatic mode

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through this mode, we seek to order our world in terms of logical theories that explain events and help us predict and control reality

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

A) Paradigmatic mode.

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mode of thought concerned with looking for cause and effect relationships

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

A) Paradigmatic mode.

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what mode if thought concerns itself with stories, in which events are not explained in terms of physical or logical causes

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

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a mode of thought dealing with human wants, needs and goals

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

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a mode of thought in which events are explained in terms of human actors striving to do things over time

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

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a mode used when presenting a believable story concerning the motivation actions and meaningful ends of human behaviour

A) Paradigmatic mode.

B) Analytical mode.

C) Creative mode.

D) Narrative mode.

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Tomkins has identified two types of scripts that seem significant in human life and help organise life narratives, what are they

A) Deterministic script and adaptive script.

B) Core script and auxiliary script.

C) Commitment script and nuclear script.

D) Universal script and personal script.

C) Commitment script and nuclear script.

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According to Tomkins’s script theory, the major motivational force in human lives is
a. Affect
b. Drives
c. Needs
d. Goals

a. Affect

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In a commitment script,

a. An original good scene turns bad

b. An original bad scene turns good

c. An original good scene continues to recruit positive affect

d. An original bad scene continues to recruit negative affect

c. An original good scene continues to recruit positive affect

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of one were to say “bad things can be overcome” they would be using what type of script

A) negative script

B) nuclear script

C) peripheral script

D) commitment script

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in a commitment script, a person

A) focuses solely on individual preferences

B) organizes scenes around a clearly defined and undisputed goal

C) avoids any form of long-term planning

D) disregards personal aspirations and desires

B) organises scenes around a clearly defined and undisputed goal

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according to Tomkins, a commitment script begins with an intensively ________ from childhood

A) detached memory

B) neutral encounter

C) negative early scene

D) positive early scene

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what script involves a long term investment in improving things

A) clarity script

B) nuclear script

C) core script

D) commitment script

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scripts marked by ambivalence and confusion about ones life goals

A) Clarity script.

B) Core script.

C) Nuclear script.

D) Commitment script.

C) Nuclear script.

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always involves complex approach avoidance conflicts A) Clarity script. B) Core script. C) Nuclear script. D) Commitment script.

C) Nuclear script.

a nuclear script always begins with a _______ A) Core event. B) Central scene. C) Pivotal moment. D) Nuclear scene.

D) Nuclear scene.

what is a nuclear scene A) Central event. B) Primary moment. C) A positive childhood scene that eventually turns bad. D) Core scene.

B) a positive childhood scene that eventually turns bad

a nuclear script is initially formed as an attempt to A) Establish identity. B) Adapt to societal expectations. C) Overcome nuclear scenes D) Gain emotional intelligence.

C) Overcome nuclear scenes

a narrative identity refers to A) Personal anecdotes. B) Objective history. C) Internalized and evolving life story of the self. D) Externalized life events.

C) Internalized and evolving life story of the self.

a narrative identity occurs when A) External influences shape one's story. B) Narratives are predetermined by societal norms. C) A person consciously and unconsciously constructs to bring together many aspects of the self. D) Narratives are rigid and unchangeable.

C) a person consciously and unconsciously constructs to bings together many aspects of the self

what does a narrative identity provide a person A) a chronological account of events B) unity, purpose, and meaning in their life C) a collection of disconnected memories D) a focus solely on external influences

B) unity, purpose and meaning in their life

at what age do we come to recognise that our lived need some form of purpose and meaning A) young adulthood B) middle adulthood C) childhood D) adolescence

D) adolescence

life story schemas A) is a mental structure or pattern for putting a life into story form B) represents a rigid and inflexible way of organizing life experiences C) only emerges in adulthood D) is exclusive to individuals with specific personality traits

A) is a mental structure or pattern for putting a life into story form

life story schemas are a mental structure or pattern for putting a life into story form A) B) C) D) for making a narrative identity out of a human life

how many mental skills do Habermas and Bluck suggest people need to be able to exercise in order to construct a coherent life story A) 4 B) 8 C) 2 D) 10

A) 4

which of the following is NOT one of the four forms of coherence in the life story according to Habermas and Bluck A) biographical coherence B) temporal coherence C) causal coherence D) thematic coherence E) spatial coherence

E) spatial coherence

According to Habermas and Bluck, a person cannot construct a life story without an appreciation for biographical coherence. Biographical coherence is a. An understanding of cultural norms for the life course b. The ability to put one's life into a temporal order c. Insight into the reasons behind behavior d. Self-acceptance in the face of adversity

a. An understanding of cultural norms for the life course

The ability to connect multiple events in one's life in order to explain how a person has come to a particular life outcome is an example of what Habermas and Bluck call a. Temporal coherence b. Biographical coherence c. Causal coherence d. Thematic coherence

c. Causal coherence

the ability to construct little, goal directed stories about single episodes in ones life is what Habermas and Bluck call a. Temporal coherence b. Biographical coherence c. Causal coherence d. Thematic coherence

a. Temporal coherence

Habermas and Bluck form of coherence relating to knowing the cultural expectations regarding the nature and timing of life episodes across the life course a. Temporal coherence b. Biographical coherence c. Causal coherence d. Thematic coherence

b. Biographical coherence

Habermas and Bluck forms of coherence relating to linking multiple life episodes into a meaningful sequences that provides a single causal narrative a. Temporal coherence b. Biographical coherence c. Causal coherence d. Thematic coherence

c. Causal coherence

Habermas and Bluck forms of coherence relating to deriving an integrative theme or principle about the self from a narrated sequence of episodes a. Temporal coherence b. Biographical coherence c. Causal coherence d. Thematic coherence

d. Thematic coherence

a persons life story is a "psychosocial construction", what does this mean A) an objective and unchanging account of one's experiences B) the possibilities for story construction (narrative identity formation) are determined by culture C) solely a result of genetic predispositions D) an isolated and individualistic process

B) the possibilities for story construction (narrative identity formation) are determined by culture

dramatic modes of story telling means that A) the storyteller strictly adheres to a chronological sequence of events B) the storyteller includes every minute detail of the event C) the storyteller spends relatively little time describing what happened in the event and focuses instead on what the event may mean or how the event made the person feel D) the storyteller makes frequent use of nonverbal signals, employs vivid quotes and dialogues and attempts to reenact the original event in the telling

D) the storyteller makes frequent use of nonverbal signals, employs vivid quotes and dialogues and attempts to reenact the original event in the telling

reflective modes of story telling means that A) the storyteller strictly adheres to a chronological sequence of events B) the storyteller includes every minute detail of the event C) the storyteller spends relatively little time describing what happened in the event and focuses instead on what the event may mean or how the event made the person feel D) the storyteller makes frequent use of nonverbal signals, employs vivid quotes and dialogues and attempts to reenact the original event in the telling

C) the storyteller spends relatively little time describing what happened in the event and focuses instead on what the event may mean or how the event made the person feel

in analysing a life story, more recently researchers had been interested in identifying central thematic lines in life stories, which refer to A) the chronological sequence of events in the story B) what characters in the story recurrently want and desire C) the geographical settings of the narrative D) the explicit details of individual events in the story

B) what characters in the story recurrently want and desire

thematic lines in life stories often reflect what Bakan called A) the integration of personal narratives B) the interplay between nature and nurture C) the fusion of personal and collective identities D) agency and communion

D) agency and communion

agency and communion have been identified as two fundamental modalities in all living forms, what does agency refer to A) the pursuit of individual goals and accomplishments B) the individuals efforts to expand, assert, perfect and protect the self, to separate the self from others and master the environment within which the self resides C) A) the pursuit of individual goals and accomplishments D) the individuals efforts to merge with other individuals, to join together with others in bonds

B) the individuals efforts to expand, assert, perfect and protect the self, to separate the self from others and master the environment within which the self resides

agency and communion have been identified as two fundamental modalities in all living forms, what does agency relate to in regards to personality traits A) agreeableness, intimacy and affiliation motivation B) cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills C) emotional intelligence and empathy D) dominance and extraversion and achievement and power motivation

D) dominance and extraversion and achievement and power motivation

agency and communion have been identified as two fundamental modalities in all living forms, what does communion relate to in regards to personality traits A) agreeableness, intimacy and affiliation motivation B) cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills C) emotional intelligence and empathy D) dominance and extraversion and achievement and power motivation

A) agreeableness, intimacy and affiliation motivation

agency and communion have been identified as two fundamental modalities in all living forms, what does communion refer to A) the pursuit of individual goals and accomplishments B) the individuals efforts to expand, assert, perfect and protect the self, to separate the self from others and master the environment within which the self resides C) A) the pursuit of individual goals and accomplishments D) the individuals efforts to merge with other individuals, to join together with others in bonds

D) the individuals efforts to merge with other individuals, to joing together with others in bonds

when coding for sub themes of agency and communion in significant autobiographical memories, which of the following would be related to agency A) friendship, love B) self mastery, status, victory C) care and help D) achievement and responsibility

B) self mastery, status, victory

when coding for sub themes of agency and communion in significant autobiographical memories, which of the following would be related to communion A) friendship, love B) self mastery, status, victory C) care and help D) achievement and responsibility

A) friendship, love C) care and help

Pillemer has focused on peoples recollections of momentous events in a persons life, one kind of event that is vividly recalled is originating events, which relates to A) marking the beginning of a plot line in a story B) making a significant change from one plot line to another C) representing stability or continuity of a given plot line D) displaying a patter of activity that is very similar to what can be seen in a family of other events in the life story

A) marking the beginning of a plot line in a story

Pillemer has focused on peoples recollections of momentous events in a persons life, one kind of event that is vividly recalled is turining points, which relates to A) marking the beginning of a plot line in a story B) making a significant change from one plot line to another C) representing stability or continuity of a given plot line D) displaying a pattern of activity that is very similar to what can be seen in a family of other events in the life story

B) making a significant change from one plot line to another

Pillemer has focused on peoples recollections of momentous events in a persons life, one kind of event that is vividly recalled is anchoring events, which relates to A) marking the beginning of a plot line in a story B) making a significant change from one plot line to another C) representing stability or continuity of a given plot line D) displaying a patter of activity that is very similar to what can be seen in a family of other events in the life story

C) representing stability or continuity of a given plot line

Pillemer has focused on peoples recollections of momentous events in a persons life, one kind of event that is vividly recalled is analogous events, which relates to A) marking the beginning of a plot line in a story B) making a significant change from one plot line to another C) representing stability or continuity of a given plot line D) displaying a patter of activity that is very similar to what can be seen in a family of other events in the life story

D) displaying a patter of activity that is very similar to what can be seen in a family of other events in the life story

Singer has coined the term self defining memories to denote ______ of events in ones life that the person believes to have been especially influential in _______ who they are A) reflections; determining B) recollections; shaping C) fragmentations; constructing D) memories; defining

B) recollections ; shaping

what is known as "vivid, affectively charged, repetitive, linked to other similar memories and related to an important unresolved theme or enduring concern in an individuals life" A) episodic memory B) routine memory C) fragmentary memory D) self defining memory

D) self defining memory

Thorne uses the term ______ to refer to the most salient and self defining episodes in ones life A) episodic memory B) routine memory C) fragmentary memory D) innate memory

D) innate memory

a redemptive self is a story in which A) makes sense on its own and is open to change and tolerance for ambuigity B) the protagonist comes to believe early on that he or she has a special advantage or blessing that contrasts markedly to the pain and misfortunes suffered by others C) self defining memories to denote recollections of events in ones life that the person believes to have been especially influential in shaping who they are D) is characterised by intricate textured world, in which characters develop in intriguing ways over time

B) the protagonist comes to believe early on that he or she has a special advantage or blessing that contrasts markedly to the pain and misfortunes suffered by others

in a redemptive sequence A) a shift in focus from external events to internal thoughts B) a linear progression of events without emotional shifts C) a move in narrative from an emotionally positive or good scene to an emotionally negative or bad outcome D) a bad or emotionally negative scene turns suddenly good or emotionally positive

D) a bad or emotionally negative scene turns suddenly good or emotionally positive

in a contamination sequence A) a shift in focus from external events to internal thoughts B) a linear progression of events without emotional shifts C) a move in narrative from an emotionally positive or good scene to an emotionally negative or bad outcome D) a bad or emotionally negative scene turns suddenly good or emotionally positive

C) a move in narrative from an emotionally positive or good scene to an emotionally negative or bad outcome

which of the following is NOT an example of a good narrative form A) differentiation B) reconciliation C) identity D) generative ideas

C) identity

Each of the primary emotions in Tomkins's script theory system is linked to all of the following except a. Characteristic facial expressions b. Characteristic subjective experience (feeling) c. Particular adaptive significance d. Particular cognitive representation

d. Particular cognitive representation

Making narrative sense of negative events ideally involves two-step process, which is characterized as a. Exploration, positive resolution b. Regret, acceptance c. Character development, plot development d. Description, interpretation

a. Exploration, positive resolution

According to Tomkins, a script is a. A generic plot in a person's life story b. A set of implicit rules concerning how to organize scenes c. A meaningful collections of scenes d. An infantile complex that organizes drives, needs, and affect

b. A set of implicit rules concerning how to organize scenes

In Tomkins's script theory, a scene must contain a. At least two characters b. A script c. At least one affect d. A decision rule

c. At least one affect

According to Tomkins's script theory, the person "magnifies" negative affect scenes by a. Emphasizing similarities among scenes b. Emphasizing differences among scenes c. Combining them with positive scenes d. Exaggerating their importance in his or her own development

a. Emphasizing similarities among scenes

In a commitment script, a. An original good scene turns bad b. An original bad scene turns good c. An original good scene continues to recruit positive affect d. An original bad scene continues to recruit negative affect

c. An original good scene continues to recruit positive affect

All of the following are characteristic of a nuclear script except a. Negative affect is greater than positive affect b. Magnification occurs through analogs c. An initial scene is likely to be clear and monistic d. Affect socialization is intense and ambivalent

c. An initial scene is likely to be clear and monistic

If identity is viewed as an evolving life story, then the two major content themes in the story are a. Approach and withdrawal b. Intrusiveness and inclusiveness c. Self and other d. Agency and communion

d. Agency and communion

Self-defining memories tend to express all of the following except a. Vivid scenes b. Unresolved psychological issues c. Links to other important memories d. Clear causal statements about identity

d. Clear causal statements about identity

In an interpersonal conversation, when listeners are distracted, life-story tellers tend to a. Talk longer and give more elaborate narrative accounts b. Recall fewer details of the telling at a later point in time c. Express fewer emotion words in the telling d. Develop long-term feelings of animosity for the listener

b. Recall fewer details of the telling at a later point in time

Compared to the paradigmatic mode of thought, the narrative mode a. Aims to say no more than is meant b. Emphasizes illogical and nonsensical statements c. Explains the cause-and-effect relations of the physical world d. Organizes human intentions

d. Organizes human intentions

Compared to North Americans, East Asian adults typically a. Show an earlier age of first memory b. Have longer and more detailed autobiographical memories c. Construct more intuitive narrative identities d. Fashion personal memories with less emphasis on the self

d. Fashion personal memories with less emphasis on the self

Narrative identity is a. An internalized and evolving life story b. An objective biography about the self c. A collection of unrelated scenes about life d. The basic principles that guide a life

a. An internalized and evolving life story

To say that a narrative identity integrates a life is to say that it a. Brings happiness and fulfillment to a person's life b. Brings together different parts of a person's life c. Offers important life lessons d. Connects the individual to ultimate truths about life

b. Brings together different parts of a person's life

According to Clifford Geertz, the people of Bali (an island in Indonesia) engage in social behavior that is remarkable for its a. Absence of climax b. Gentleness c. Rational status conventions d. Randomness

a. Absence of climax

Which of the following is a primary function of stories? a. Healing b. Entertainment c. Integration d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Research on disclosing traumatic events in one's life shows that a. The disclosure is emotionally painful but leads to long-term health benefits b. People feel good immediately after the disclosure but no long-term benefits can be discerned c. People who disclose trauma to a good friend tend to be unable to disclose to a stranger d. Disclosure has benefits only when a person believes that benefits will occur

a. The disclosure is emotionally painful but leads to long-term health benefits

Long-term health benefits of putting traumatic events into words are enhanced when a. The person expresses highly positive emotions as well as negative ones b. The account is told as a well-formed story c. The account suggests that the self was partly to blame for the trauma d. The person situates the trauma in the context of his or her whole life situation

b. The account is told as a well-formed story

All of the following are true about Elkind's concept of "personal fable" except a. It is likely to occur in adolescence b. It is a first draft of an identity narrative c. It suggests conflicts with parents and others in authority d. It is rather unrealistic and fantastical

c. It suggests conflicts with parents and others in authority

Former psychotherapy patients who currently show the best psychological functioning tend to reconstruct their therapy experiences as a narrative in which a. The therapist played a heroic helping role b. They battled against a strong problem (enemy) and emerged victorious c. They improved because of a natural maturational process d. They deny they ever had a problem in the first place

b. They battled against a strong problem (enemy) and emerged victorious

An early scene in life that is characterized by confusing emotions and the movement from a good beginning to a bad outcome is an example of a a. Commitment scene b. Self-defining memory c. Personal fable d. Nuclear scene

d. Nuclear scene

The especially mature life story should have all of the following features except a. Coherence b. Openness c. Reconciliation d. Breadth

d. Breadth

In a dynastic strategy of life-story construction, a. A good past leads to a good present b. A good past leads to a bad present c. A bad past leads to a good present d. A bad past leads to a bad present

a. A good past leads to a good present

a. An understanding of cultural norms for the life course

c. Causal coherence

People at higher stages of ego development tend to construct narrative identities that are especially a. Conflicted b. Complex c. Moralistic d. Coherent

b. Complex

Research on self-defining memories suggests that adolescents and young adults a. Tend to share accounts of especially personal memories with others shortly after the events occur b. Rarely share accounts of personal memories with parents c. Tend to share accounts of especially personal memories only after they have established close relationships with the people to whom the accounts are told d. Repress many traumatic events

a. Tend to share accounts of especially personal memories with others shortly after the events occur

With respect to narrative identity, the years before adolescence function to a. Provide material for the life story that is constructed later on b. Shape the basic images, goals, and themes of the story c. Offer plots and characters that are later rejected or ignored in the story d. Establish the personality traits out of which the life story is constructed

a. Provide material for the life story that is constructed later on

If traits provide an initial sketch and characteristic adaptations fill in some of the details of human individuality, life stories function to a. Tell what a life means in the overall b. Explain how traits are integrated with motives c. Organize personality into a coherent whole d. Express the ways in which traits and motives conflict with each other

a. Tell what a life means in the overall

To say that a life story is a "psychosocial construction" is to say that a. Life stories are change from day to day b. Life stories are deep structures of the unconscious c. Life stories are cultural narratives that are absorbed by the individual d. Life stories are fashioned by individuals using cultural resources

d. Life stories are fashioned by individuals using cultural resources

Research by Woike suggests that individuals high in intimacy motivation tend to use a. An integrative information processing style to understand interpersonal scenes b. An analytical information processing style to understand interpersonal scenes c. An integrative information processing style to understand instrumental scenes d. An analytical information processing style to understand instrumental scenes

a. An integrative information processing style to understand interpersonal scenes

Jefferson Singer's research has shown that the self-defining memories displayed by men addicted to drugs and alcohol a. Tend to be filled with themes of violence and destruction b. Tend to have very little agency and communion content c. Tend to be structured as very simple narratives d. Tend to emphasize themes of control to compensate for lack of control in life

b. Tend to have very little agency and communion content

. Research on "the redemptive self" suggests that highly generative adults tend to fashion life stories that contain all of the following themes except a. Sense of early personal advantage b. Awareness of suffering of others at early age c. Transforming bad events into good outcomes d. Successful resolution of interpersonal conflicts

d. Successful resolution of interpersonal conflicts

In a contamination sequence, a. An emotionally positive scene turns out bad b. An emotionally negative scene turns out bad c. The story's main character suffers a trauma d. The story's main character recovers from a trauma

a. An emotionally positive scene turns out bad

Adults who construct life stories containing a large number of redemption sequences (in which bad events are transformed into good outcomes) tend to show all of the following characteristics except a. High generativity b. High ego development c. High levels of self-esteem d. High levels of life coherence

b. High ego development

Narrative identity theory is a. An internal story of the self b. An evolving story of the self c. And integrative story of the self d. Or all of the above

b. An evolving story of the self

Which one is not part of a good life story? a. Coherence b. credibility c. simplicity d. reconciliation

c. simplicity

According to McAdams, what is the first step in the development of one's narrative identity? a) Seeing oneself as an agent b) Seeing oneself as an author c) Seeing oneself as an architect d) Seeing oneself as an actor

d) Seeing oneself as an actor

NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE Flashcards

(103 cards)