STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE APPROACHES

Question 1

one criticism of the humanistic view is

A) overemphasis on subjective experiences without sufficient attention to objective measures

B) an overreliance on experimental methodologies

C) insufficient consideration of cultural diversity in human experiences

D) lack of precision; hard to generate research from the theories.

Answer 1

D) lack of precision; hard to generate research from the theories.

Question 2

one criticism of the humanistic view is it

A) underestimation of the role of unconscious processes in human behavior

B) is arbitrary, naïve, sentimental, and romantic

C) overemphasis on quantitative research methods

D) reliance on reductionist explanations for human experiences

Answer 2

B) arbitrary, naïve, sentimental, and romantic

Question 3

what is a criticism of ‘free will’

A) deterministic forces completely negate the concept of free will

B) it’s an illusion that is misleading

C) free will is universally accepted without any skepticism

D) free will is the sole factor in decision-making, overlooking external influences

Answer 3

B) its an illusion that is misleading

Question 4

one criticism of the self regulation perspective view derives from the metaphor is sometimes implies, whats this metaphor

A) machine

B) chaotic

C) smoothly flowing river

D) robotics

Answer 4

D) robotics

Question 5

According to critics, why can’t artificial systems be good models for human behavior in the self-regulation view?

a) Lack of self-regulation in artificial systems

b) Humans have free will and robots have to rely on programs they’ve been given

c) Overemphasis on human free will

d) Inability to understand human decisions

Answer 5

B) humans have free will and robots have to rely on programs they’ve been given

Question 6

What characteristic do critics attribute to humans that distinguishes them from artificial systems in the context of self-regulation?

a) Dependence on given programs

b) Lack of free will

c) Reliance on artificial systems

d) Possession of free will and decision-making ability

Answer 6

d) Possession of free will and decision-making ability

Question 7

What is one response to the criticisms of artificial systems not being good models for human behaviour

a) acknowledging the limitations and unique characteristics of artificial systems

b) arguing that artificial systems are fundamentally flawed in mimicking human behavior

c) artificial systems are moving closer to human self-determination

d) proposing that artificial systems should entirely replace human models in behavioral research

Answer 7

c) artificial systems are moving closer to human self-determination

Question 8

what is one response to critics about the use of robotics metaphors in the self regulation approach

A) the use of robotics metaphors simplifies complex psychological processes for better understanding

B) the principle of feedback control as devised to account for functions of the body was devised precisely for living systems

C) robotics metaphors are the only effective way to communicate the intricacies of self-regulation

D) dismissing the concerns without providing a counterargument

Answer 8

B) the principle of feedback control as devised to account for functions of the body was devised precisely for living systems

Question 9

one criticism sometimes made of the self regulation perspective is that a model based on feedback principles is merely a model of

A) unpredictability

B) rigidity

C) determinism

D) homeostasis

Answer 9

D) homeostasis

Question 10

Greater difficulty is posed by a criticism aimed at the hierarchical model: that it fails to deal effectively with the homunculus problem, what is this?

A) the issue of not having enough empirical evidence to support the hierarchical model

B) the challenge of applying the hierarchical model to non-human species

C) a hypothetical tiny man who sits inside your head and tells you what to do

D) the inability of the hierarchical model to account for individual differences in self-regulation

Answer 10

C) a hypothetical tiny man who sits inside your head and tells you what to do

Question 11

one response to the criticisms of the self regulatory perspective is

A) the criticisms are unfounded and lack empirical support

B) acknowledging the limitations and refining the model based on feedback

C)

D) there is executive system that coordinates other activities and makes decisions

Answer 11

D) there is executive system that coordinates other activities and makes decisions

Question 12

from the self regulatory perspective, the “executive system” is

A) a built-in system of goals of survival, personal coherence

B) manifest in subjective experience as consciousness

C) is analogous to the homunculus

D) all the above

Answer 12

D) all the above

Question 13

from this perspective, behavior is being guided by values that are built into the organism, but which aren’t always apparent to the person

A) biological

B) learning

C) cognitive

D) self regulation

Answer 13

D) self regulation

Question 14

a criticism of the self-regulation view that is similar to a criticism made of the learning perspective is that

A) it oversimplifies the complexity of human behavior

B) it lacks empirical evidence to support its claims

C) it relies too heavily on experimental research

D) Its a descriptive view from the outside looking in

Answer 14

D) Its a descriptive view from the outside looking in

Question 15

This approach emphasizes structure and process, rather than content

A) biological

B) learning

C) cognitive

D) self regulation

Answer 15

D) self regulation

Question 16

some see the ideas from this view as dealing with an empty shell, programmed in ways that aren’t well specified, for purposes and goals that are largely arbitrary

A) biological

B) learning

C) cognitive

D) self regulation

Answer 16

D) self regulation

Question 17

one point made about the self regulatory perspective is that

A) the model is too focused on individual differences

B) the ideas are not a theory of personality

C) it is entirely deterministic, leaving no room for free will

D) none of the above

Answer 17

B) the ideas are not a theory of personality

Question 18

One important issue of this view concerns a clash between this view and the views of trait psychologists and behavior geneticists

A) psychosocial

B) learning

C) cognitive

D) self regulation

Answer 18

A) psychosocial

Question 19

to many, this analysis of personality doesn’t convey the subjective experience of what it means to have a personality.

A) psychosocial

B) learning

C) cognitive

D) self regulation

Answer 19

B) learning

Question 20

approach that has little to say about intrapersonal functioning

A) psychosocial

B) learning

C) trait

D) self regulation

Answer 20

C) trait

Question 21

McAdams (1992) called trait psychology the/a _______, because it provides information that would be important if you knew nothing about a person but doesn’t portray the dynamic aspects of personality.

A) “static psychology,”

B) “psychology of the stranger,”

C) “fluid psychology,”

D) “dynamic psychology.”

Answer 21

B “psychology of the stranger”