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Personality Psychology > WEEKLY Quiz's > Flashcards

WEEKLY Quiz's Flashcards

1
Q

one reason that a personality psychologist might not use the experimental method is that

A) experiments tend to be long in duration

B) experiments cannot be used in personality research

C) for ethical reasoning, certain variables cant be manipulated

D) all are correct

A

C) for ethical reasoning, certain variables cant be manipulated

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2
Q

The broader a theory is,

A) the more likely it is to be ambiguous.

B) the more likely it is to be correct.

C) the more likely it is to make clear predictions.

D) the more likely it is to deny scientific facts.

A

A) the more likely it is to be ambiguous.

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3
Q

Allport’s definition of personality includes all of the following points EXCEPT the idea that personality:

A) is a causal force

B) shows up in patterns

C) is a purely psychological concept

D) has organisation

A

C) is a purely psychological concept

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4
Q

The two fundamental issues to keep in mind when looking at personality as a construct are individual differences and interpersonal functioning.

True

False

A

True

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5
Q

Chopik and Kitayama (2018) found that there was no change in the big-five personality traits over a lifespan.

True

False

A

False

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6
Q

Cattell’s approach to understanding personality can best be described as:

theoretical.

rational.

empirical.

psychoanalytic.

A

empirical.

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7
Q

Conscientiousness does not reflect which of the following?

Purposeful striving toward goals

Persistence

Planning

Peacekeeping

A

Peacekeeping

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8
Q

Traits are quantitative rather than qualitative.

True

False

A

True

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the big five factors of personality?
Group of answer choices

Extraversion

Neutoricism

Openness

A

Honesty

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10
Q

In a factor analysis:

Traits are qualitative rather than quantitative, with people sitting in distinct descriptive categories of behaviour.

The first step in the analysis is labelling or naming the factors.

You would perform an exploratory factor analysis when you have a good idea of what items will load on each factor.

Traits are quantitative rather than qualitative, with people sitting along a continuum of behaviour.

A

Traits are quantitative rather than qualitative, with people sitting along a continuum of behaviour.

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11
Q

Primary needs:

include the needs for power and intimacy.

are limited to nutritional and sexual needs.

are based in our biological nature.

All of the answers are correct.

A

are based in our biological nature.

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12
Q

The distinction between needs and motives involves:

motives that are more closely related to behaviour.

whether the construct is quantifiable.

whether the desired object is tangible or intangible.

motives that are unrelated to behaviour.

A

motives that are more closely related to behaviour.

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13
Q

Personology refers to the study of:

the inner self.

the whole person.

the work personality.

dependents.

A

the whole person.

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14
Q

TAT stands for ‘the apparent test’.

True

False

A

False

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15
Q

Needs are directive.

True

False

A

True

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16
Q

Eysenck suggests that differences between introverts and extraverts are based on differences in:

exposure to hormones prior to birth.

cerebral cortex activation.

how parents respond to young infants.

endocrine functioning.

A

cerebral cortex activation.

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16
Q

The BAS is assumed to be involved when a person is:

pursuing an incentive.

avoiding a punishment.

experiencing negative emotion.

experiencing neutral emotion.

A

pursuing an incentive.

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16
Q

BIS may be related to serotonin and/or GABA activity.

True

False

A

True

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16
Q

Sociobiology suggests that many aspects of human social behaviour are products of:

nutrition.

chemical exposure.

nurture.

evolution.

A

evolution.

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17
Q

Testosterone in adults relates to:

happiness.

long-term goals.

dominance behaviour.

IQ.

A

dominance behaviour.

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18
Q

A central theme underlying psychoanalysis (and which gives rise to the name ‘psychodynamic theory’) is that personality:

is a set of processes always in motion.

processes always work together.

reflects the fact that humans are not like other animals.

All of the answers are correct.

A

is a set of processes always in motion.

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18
Q

What components are included in Freud’s topographical model of the mind?

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

Primary process and secondary process

Id, ego, and superego

Thanatos and libido

A

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

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18
Q

Which of the following is an example of the defence mechanism of displacement?

A person diagnosed with cancer refuses to believe the diagnosis.

A person with aggressive sexual fantasies volunteers at a rape crisis center.

A person who cheated on an exam justifies it by saying that everyone else cheats.

A person who fails an exam yells at a roommate upon arriving at home.

A

A person who fails an exam yells at a roommate upon arriving at home

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18
Q

Ego follows the pleasure principle.

True

False

A

False

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19
Q

Parapraxes are:

dreams.

reflexes.

slips of the tongue.

genetic traits.

A

slips of the tongue.

20
Q

In object relations theories, the ‘object’ refers to:

intrinsic goals.

the ego.

a person.

lifelong patterns.

A

a person.

21
Q

Many neoanalytic theories emphasised:

that there is no merit to traditional Freudian ideas.

the importance of the superego.

sexual functioning.

the important of the ego.

A

the important of the ego.

21
Q

According to Mahler, a child will experience _________ when the movement away from symbiosis occurs too quickly.

insecure attachment

basic anxiety

separation anxiety

separation–individuation

A

separation anxiety

21
Q

Psychosocial therapists attribute behavioural problems to difficulties in:

resolving id–superego conflicts.

the development of a conscience.

relationships.

learning.

A

relationships.

21
Q

People with ambivalent attachment report that falling in love:

is almost impossible.

takes a lot of work.

is easy and can happen ‘at first sight’.

is a waste of time.

A

is easy and can happen ‘at first sight’.

22
Q

Unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development:

proceeds in an orderly sequence of stages that everyone experiences.

continues to evolve throughout life.

is divided into the id, ego and superego.

None of the answers are correct.

A

continues to evolve throughout life.

23
Q

Classical conditioning requires:

a conditioned response to a certain class of stimuli.

the organism must already respond to some class of stimuli reflexively.

reinforcement of a specific response behaviour.

All of the answers are correct.

A

the organism must already respond to some class of stimuli reflexively

24
Q

When a CS–CR pairing acts like another reflex, it can serve as a reflex for another instance of conditioning. This is called:
Group of answer choices

secondary conditioning.

tertiary conditioning.

higher-order conditioning.

operant conditioning.

A

higher-order conditioning.

24
Q

The term ‘instrumental conditioning’ is often used interchangeably with the term:

classical conditioning.

Pavlovian conditioning.

operant conditioning.

classical learning.

A

operant conditioning.

25
Q

Thorndike’s law of effect states that:

people learn more efficiently than rats.

learning cannot occur in a single trial.

learning is quickly forgotten if the relevant situation is not re-experienced.

behaviours followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

A

behaviours followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

26
Q

Vicarious emotional arousal:

occurs when you feel the same emotion as another person.

occurs when you feel guilty for an imagined transgression.

is the same as sympathy.

None of the answers are correct.

A

occurs when you feel the same emotion as another person.

27
Q

Which of the following is most important to assessment from the social–cognitive learning perspective?

Behavioural observation

Measures of generalised tendencies

Self-report measures

Objective definitions of situations

A

Self-report measures

28
Q

Why is modelling effective at producing behaviour change, according to Bandura?

The model receives rewards.

The person in therapy increases his/her sense of efficacy.

The person is learning needed skills.

The person is exposed to what he/she fears.

A

The person in therapy increases his/her sense of efficacy.

29
Q

Conditions of worth and conditional regard have the effect of:

making people depressed.

making people anxious.

altering behaviour to fit in with the desires of others.

facilitating a person’s goal of self-actualisation.

A

altering behaviour to fit in with the desires of others.

29
Q

People engage in some activities because they find the activities intrinsically interesting. Such activities are said to be:

self-determined.

self-rationalised.

self-actualised.

explicitly motivated.

A

self-determined.

29
Q

In Rogers’ view, people have a strong need to experience _________, which is the respect, love and friendship of others.

positive reinforcement

conditional acceptance

positive regard

expectancies of worth

A

positive regard

30
Q

According to Maslow’s hierarchy, the correct order of needs, beginning with the most basic, is:

physiological - love - safety - esteem - self-actualisation.

physiological - esteem - safety - love - self-actualisation.

physiological - safety - love - esteem - self-actualisation.

physiological - safety - esteem - love - self-actualisation.

A

physiological - safety - love - esteem - self-actualisation

31
Q

Self-actualisers tend to:

appreciate results rather than the process of doing things

form deep ties with many people

at times appear temperamental and ruthless

All of these options.

A

at times appear temperamental and ruthless

32
Q

According to existential psychologists, awareness of the inevitability of death evokes a sense of:

reactance.

angst.

existential guilt.

wish fulfillment.

A

angst.

33
Q

One assumption of the cognitive perspective is that:

all decisions are unconscious.

all decisions are conscious.

most decisions are unconscious, but some are conscious.

most decisions are conscious, but some are unconscious.

A

most decisions are unconscious, but some are conscious.

34
Q

Kelly viewed people as implicit:

scientists.

artists.

altruists.

All of the answers are correct.

A

scientists.

35
Q

One consequence of the use of a schema is:

easier coding of new material.

improved memory for randomly selected details.

improved reading ability.

greater intelligence.

A

easier coding of new material.

36
Q

A self-schema:

makes it easier to remember things consistent with it.

is small, simple and efficient.

has fewer emotional elements and more intellectual elements than other schema.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

37
Q

The process of judging the cause of an event is called:

attribution.

construal.

primary appraisal.

secondary appraisal.

A

attribution.

38
Q

Dual-process researchers talk about people having

automatic and implicit knowledge.

implicit and explicit knowledge.

certain and uncertain knowledge.

All of the answers are correct.

A

implicit and explicit knowledge.

39
Q

To assess the cognitions and emotions that accompany a wide range of naturally-occurring events, the best cognitive assessment technique would be:

think-aloud protocols.

retrospective thought listing.

experience sampling.

reconstructive thought protocols.

A

experience sampling.

40
Q

Which of the following criticisms has been leveled at the cognitive approach to personality?

It has generated very little empirical research.

It is an attempt to graft an area of psychology where it does not belong.

It is too rooted in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.

All of the answers are correct.

A

It is an attempt to graft an area of psychology where it does not belong.

41
Q

The self-regulation view on personality is:

one of the oldest perspectives in psychology.

more applied than theoretical.

offers no suggestions on personality assessment.

None of the answers are correct.

A

None of the answers are correct.

42
Q

Having the belief that you are capable of doing the required action is called:

self-efficacy.

self-assurance.

potency.

personal control.

A

self-efficacy.

42
Q

Theory concerning self-regulation emphasises:

external influences.

goals.

the ego.

personality.

A

goals.

43
Q

Intention derives from both the attitude and the subjective norm.

True

False

A

True

44
Q

Self-regulation is a once off process.

True

False

A

False

45
Q

In order to obtain a full account of psychological individuality, the personality psychologist needs to:

examine the person’s patterning of dispositional traits.

characteristic adaptations.

integrative life stories.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

46
Q

In the paradigmatic mode, we look for ____________ relationships.

cause and effect

personal

impersonal

educational

A

cause and effect

47
Q

Which of the following is not an example of good narrative form?

Coherence

Credibility

Openness

Conflict

A

Conflict

Personality Psychology (34 decks)

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