PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

one reason people use the word personality is to convey a sense of what?

A) consistency and continuity

B) variability and unpredictability

C) adaptability and flexibility

D) uniqueness and spontaneity

Answer 1

A) consistency and continuity

Question 2

the several kinds of consistency evoke the _____ of personality

A) type

B) concept

C) definition

C) formality

Answer 2

B) concept

Question 3

a second reason people use the word personality is to convey the sense that whatever the person is doing originates from ______ as a sense of a causal force

A) within

B) outside

C) thinking

C) feeling

Answer 3

A) within

Question 4

These two reasons for using the term personality combine when you try to _______ and understand people’s behavior

A) predict

B) sense

C) label

D) organise

Answer 4

A) predict

Question 5

the word personality conveys a sense of consistency, internal causality and _______

A) feelings

B) thoughts

C) distinctiveness

D) behaviour

Answer 5

C) distinctiveness

Question 6

according to an adapted version of Gordon Allport’s definition, personality “is a dynamic ________, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person’s ________ patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings”

A) organization; unique

B) organization; characteristic

C) structure; idiosyncratic

D) arrangement; stable

Answer 6

B) organization; characteristic

Question 7

when keeping in mind two themes that stand out in thinking about personality, we must consider what?

A) collective behavior and social norms

B) intrapersonal functioning and individual differences

C) social conformity and group dynamics

D) environmental influences and situational factors

Answer 7

B) intrapersonal functioning and individual differences

Question 8

a fundamental theme in personality psychology that describes the “differences in personality from one person to another”

A) the organisation

B) intrapersonal functioning

C) individual differences

D) characteristic patterns

Answer 8

C) individual differences

Question 9

a fundamental theme in personality psychology that describes the “Psychological processes that take place within the person”

A) individual differences

B) intrapersonal functioning

C) characteristic patterns

D) organisational patterns

Answer 9

B) intrapersonal functioning

Question 10

interpersonal functioning are processes within the person that Allport called a ____________ of systems

A) characteristic

B) process

C) causal force

D) dynamic organisation

Answer 10

D) dynamic organisation

Question 11

biological personality theories hold that hereditary influences personality, what does this showcase in terms of the purpose of theory ?

A) give a set of ideas about how to think about a class of events

B) generalise the principle about a class of events

C) predict new information

D) explain phenomenon it addresses

Answer 11

D) explain phenomenon it addresses

Question 12

in suggesting possibilities that you dont know for sure are true, a theory is ________

A) giving a set of ideas about how to think about a class of events

B) generalising the principle about a class of events

C) predicting new information

D) explaining phenomenon it addresses

Answer 12

C) predicting new information

Question 13

the difficulty in the predictive aspect of theories comes from the fact that most theories have a little _____

A) evaluation

B) exploration

C) explanation

D) ambiguity

Answer 13

D) ambiguity

Question 14

An emotional re-experiencing of earlier conflicts in your life that occurs during therapy.

A) individual differences

B) insight

C) interaction

D) inhibited power motivation

Answer 14

B) insight

Question 15

a theory should have the quality of parsimony, meaning that is should

A) be as ambiguous as possible

B) include few assumptions or concepts as possible

C) be as broad as possible

D) include as many assumptions or concepts as possible

Answer 15

B) include few assumptions or concepts as possible

Question 16

who posited that people prefer theories that “are most interesting… appeal most urgently to our aesthetic, emotional and active needs”?

A) Piaget

B) gestalt

C) william Wundt

D) william James

Answer 16

D) william James

Question 17

this perspective begins with the intuitive idea that people have fairly stable qualities/traits that are displayed across many settings are are deeply embedded in the person

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 17

A) trait

Question 18

this perspective views the big issues are what and how many traits are the important ones in personality and how trait differences are expressed in behaviour

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 18

A) trait

Question 19

this perspective begins with the idea that the key element in human experience is the motive forces that underlie behaviour

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 19

B) motive

Question 20

people differ in their patterns of underlying strengths or difference motives. these differences in the balance of motives are seen as the core of personality, from this perspective

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 20

B) motive

Question 21

this perspective emphasises the fact that humans are creatures that evolved across millennia and that humans nature is deeply rooted in our genes

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 21

C) inheritance and evolution

Question 22

in this view, personality is genetically based and dispositions are inherited

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 22

C) inheritance and evolution

Question 23

some theorists take this idea a step further to suggest that many qualities of human behavior (and thus personality) exist precisely because long ago they had evolutionary benefits.

A) trait

B) motive

C) inheritance and evolution

D) self actualisation

Answer 23

C) inheritance and evolution

Question 24

this perspective stems from the idea that personality reflects the workings of the body we inhabit and the brain that runs the body

A) trait

B) motive

C) biological processes

D) inheritance and evolution

Answer 24

C) biological processes

Question 25

this perspective focuses on how the nervous system and hormones influence people’s behaviour and how differences in those functions influence the kind of person you are

A) trait

B) motive

C) biological processes

D) inheritance and evolution

Answer 25

C) biological processes

Question 26

this perspective is based on the idea that personality is a set of internal psychic forces that compete and conflict with one another

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) psychoanalytic

Answer 26

D) psychoanalytic

Question 27

the focus on this perspective is on the dynamics of the forces and how they influence behaviour

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) psychoanalytic

Answer 27

D) psychoanalytic

Question 28

human nature, from this perspective, involves a set of pressures inside the person that sometimes work with each other and sometimes are at war with each other

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) psychoanalytic

Answer 28

D) psychoanalytic

Question 29

the theories in this perspective start from the assumptions that the most important aspect of human nature is our formation of relationships with other people and the ways these relationships play out

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) psychoanalytic

Answer 29

C) psychosocial

Question 30

the _____ theories evolved from psychoanalytic theory

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 30

C) psychosocial

Question 31

this perspective begins with a view of human nature in which change, rather than constancy is paramount

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 31

D) learning

Question 32

from this perspective, the key quality of human nature is that behaviour changes systematically as a result of experiences

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 32

D) learning

Question 33

in this perspective, a persons personality is the integrated sum of what the person has learned up until now

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 33

D) learning

Question 34

this perspective has its roots in the idea that every person has the potential to grow and develop into a valuable human being if permitted to do so

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 34

A) self actualisation

Question 35

from this perspective, people can move themselves more fully in the direction of growth and development by exercising their free will and by having environments that support that effort

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 35

A) self actualisation

Question 36

the sense of self determination is central to this view of human nature, in this view, personality is partly the uniqueness hidden within what the peson chooses to make of that uniqueness

A) self actualisation

B) learning

C) psychosocial

D) learning

Answer 36

A) self actualisation

Question 37

from this perspective, the mind imposes organisation and form on experience, and those mental organisations influence how people act

A) self actualisation

B) cognitive

C) self regulation

D) motive

Answer 37

B) cognitive

Question 38

this perspective starting point is the idea that human nature involves deriving meaning from experiences

A) self actualisation

B) cognitive

C) self regulation

D) motive

Answer 38

B) cognitive

Question 39

from this viewpoint, understanding personality means understanding the processes of constructing the world and how they determine ones actions in and reactions to the world

A) self actualisation

B) cognitive

C) self regulation

D) motive

Answer 39

B) cognitive

Question 40

this perspective starts from the idea that people are complex psychological systems, in the same sense that homeostatic processes reflect complex physiological systems and weather reflects complex atmospheric systems

A) self actualisation

B) cognitive

C) self regulation

D) motive

Answer 40

C) self regulation

Question 41

from this perspective, there are recurrent processes that organise actions to attain specific endpoints

A) self actualisation

B) cognitive

C) self regulation

D) motive

Answer 41

C) self regulation

Question 42

________ psycholigcally means synthesizing goals and moving toward those goals

A) self actualisation

B) cognitive

C) self regulation

D) motive

Answer 42

C) self regulation

Question 43

contemporary personality psychologists argue that a full understnading of personality requires much more than is generally addresses by “perspective” theories. This movement is partly a reaction to

A) the belief that personality is entirely determined by genetics

B) the concern that personality psychology has lost its focus on individuality

C) the idea that perspectives theories are comprehensive enough

D) the assumption that personality can be fully understood through a single approach

Answer 43

B) the concern that personality psychology has lost its focus on individuality.

Question 44

the measuring of personality, which is viewed differently from different perspectives

A) criterion

B) validity

C) approach

D) assessment

Answer 44

D) assessment

Question 45

summary statements/set of principles that pertain to certain classes of events

A) theory

B) hypothesis

C) prediction

D) assessment

Answer 45

A) theory