1S [LAB]: AST & ALT Flashcards by 3sha Ann

Q

Biologic proteins that catalyze chemical reaction without altering the equilibrium point of the reaction without being consumed or changed in composition

A

Enzyme

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Q

Enzymes are found in all body tissue, frequently appearing in ___ following cellular injury or from degraded cells

A

Serum

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Q

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds

A

Active site

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Q

The part of the enzyme where the catalytic action happens

A

Active site

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Q

Substance acted upon in an enzymatic reaction

A

Substrate

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Q

Water free cavity where the substrate interacts with particular charged amino acid residues

A

Active site

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Q

A cavity other than the active site which binds the regulator molecules

A

Allosteric site

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Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

1

A

Oxidoreductase

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Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

2

A

Transferase

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Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

3

A

Hydrolase

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Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

4

A

Lyase

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Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

5

A

Isomerase

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Q

Give the class of the enzyme based on the EC code:

6

A

Ligase

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Q

A/n ___ increase in temperature doubles enzymatic activity

A

10C

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Q

Too high temperature causes the enzyme to ___

A

denature

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Q

Non-protein molecule of enzymes necessary for enzyme activity

A

Cofactors

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Q

Inorganic cofactors are also known as ___

A

Activators

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Q

Organic cofactors are also known as ___

A

Coenzymes

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Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Chloride

A

Activator

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Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Bromide

A

Activator

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Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Magnesium

A

Activator

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Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Iron

A

Activator

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Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Zinc copper

A

Activator

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Q

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme:

Calcium

A

Activator

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Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Manganese

Activator

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Cobalt

Activator

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Potassium

Activator

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Thiamine

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Pyrophosphate

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Cobamide

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Biotin

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Nicotinamde

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Pyridoxal

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Phosphate

Coenzyme

Tell whether the given is an activator or a coenzyme: Folic acid

Coenzyme

The measurement of enzyme activity is done at ___ order kinetics

Zero

Zero order kinetics means that the measurement is not dependent on the concentration but on its ___

Activity

The amount of enzyme that will catalyze the reaction of 1 umol of substrate per minute under specified condition

IU (international units)

The unit for enzyme activity is ___

katal (mol/s)

1.0 UI = ___ nkat

17

The old name for aspartate aminotransferase

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/ transferase

Involved in the transfer of an amino group between aspartate and a-keto acids

Aspartate aminotransferase/ SGOT

The measurement of AST uses ___ as coenzyme

Pyridoxal phosphate

Tissue sources of AST include:

Cardiac tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, erythrocytes

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: AMI

Increased

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: Congestive heart failure

Increased

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: Hepatocellular disorders

Increased

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: Skeletal muscle disorders

Increased

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: Pulmonary embolism

Increased

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: Acute pancreatitis

Increased

Tell whether the AST will be increased or decreased in the given conditions: Uremia

Decreased

AST isoenzymes include:

Cell cytoplasm AST Mitochondrial AST

This AST isoenzyme is increased in cellular necrosis

Mitochondrial AST

Most commonly used method in AST determination

Karmen method

Karmen method is done through the measurement of absorbance at ___nm

340 nm

Optimal pH for the Karmen method

7.3-7.8

In the first reaction in Karmen method, the AST reacts with L-aspartate and oxoglutarate to form ___ and ___

Oxaloacetate and L-glutamate

In the second reaction in Karmen method of AST determination, the ___ reacts with oxaloacetate and NADH to form ___ and NAD

Malate dehydrogenase L-malate

An AST/ALT determination method where the ketoacids is reacted to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to form ketoacid hydrazones

Reitman-Frankel method

The product of Reitman-Frankel method

Intense brown color

When using the Reitman-Frankel method of AST/ALT determination, a wavelength of ___nm is used

505 nm

An AST/ALT determination method where ketoacid and diazo compound reacts to form diazonium derivative

Coupling with diazonium salts

In the Karmen method of AST determination, the indicator reaction is catalyzed by ___ and the change in absorbance is monitored as NADPH is ___ to NAD

Malate dehydrogenase Oxidized

Old name for alanine aminotransferase

Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase/ transferase

AST/ ALT: Better measure for liver cirrhosis and cardiac marker

ALT

Catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to a-ketoglutarate

Alanine aminotransferase

In ALT measurement, ___ acts as coenzyme

Pyridoxal phosphate

Tissue sources of ALT

Liver, cardiac tissue

In the Karmen method of ALT determination, the indicator reaction is catalyzed by ___ and the change in absorbance is monitored as NADPH is ___ to NAD

Lactate dehydrogenase Oxidized

In the first reaction of the Karmen method of ALT determination, L-alanine and oxoglutarate reacts with ALT to form L-glutamate and ___

Pyruvate

In the second reaction of the Karmen method of ALT determination, Pyruvate and NADH will react with ___ to form ___ and NAD

Lactate dehydrogenase L-lactate

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Bilirubin

False increase

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Erythromycin

False increase

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Iproniazid

False increase

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Morphine

False increase

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Endogenous pyruvate

False increase

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Heavy metals like mercurial diuretics

False decrease

The ratio of reagent 1 to reagent 2 to form the working reagent

4:1

Determine whether the interference causes a false increase or false decrease: Hemolysis

False increase

T/F: In ALT determination, hemolysis causes a dramatic increased effect on the result

False (It is relatively unaffected by hemolysis)

T/F: In ALT determination, hemolysis causes a dramatic increased effect on the result

False (It is relatively unaffected by hemolysis)

Optimal pH for enzymatic reactions

7.0-8.0