2S [LEC]: Reproductive Organs, Thymus Gland, Pineal Gland

Question 1

Main source of sex hormones

Answer 1

Gonads

Question 2

A pair of small, almond-shaped organs located in the female reproductive system

Answer 2

Ovaries

Question 3

A pair of oval-shaped organs located within the scrotum and is responsible for producing sperm cells and synthesizing testosterone

Answer 3

Testicles

Question 4

Cells that synthesize testosterone

Answer 4

Leydig cells

Question 5

Hormones that primarily controls testosterone production

Answer 5

FSH, LH

Question 6

Best time for sample collection in testosterone determination

Answer 6

8-10 AM

Question 7

Principal androgen hormone in the blood

Answer 7

Testosterone

Question 8

Hormone that develops ovarian follicles

Answer 8

FSH

Question 9

Hormone that promotes the production of estrogen and testosterone

Answer 9

LH

Question 10

Hormone that would act on seminiferous tubules to produce testosterone

Answer 10

FSH

Question 11

Hormone that would act on Leydig cells to produce testosterone

Answer 11

LH

Question 12

A C18 steroid hormone with a phenol A ring

Answer 12

Estrogen

Question 13

Arises through structural alteration of the testosterone molecule

Answer 13

Estrogen

Question 14

T/F: Estrogen is not produced by the ovaries after menopause

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Hormone that primarily promotes breast development, maturation of the external genitalia, deposition of body fat and termination of linear growth

Answer 15

Estrogen

Question 16

Active form of estrogen

Answer 16

Estradiol

Question 17

To measure the ovarian function, which estrogen form is used?

Answer 17

Estradiol

Question 18

Major estrogen secreted during pregnancy

Answer 18

Estriol

Question 19

To measure the fetoplacental viability, which estrogen form is used?

Answer 19

Estriol

Question 20

An estrogen form that is decreased in trisomy 21

Answer 20

Estriol

Question 21

Precursor of estrone and estriol

Answer 21

Estradiol

Question 22

Cells that mainly produce progesterone

Answer 22

Granulose (lutein) cells

Question 23

Dominant hormone responsible for the luteal phase cycle among females

Answer 23

Progesterone

Question 24

Used primarily for the evaluation of fertility in female

Answer 24

Progesterone

Question 25

Which analytes are increased in down syndrome?

Answer 25

HCG, Inhibin A

Question 26

Which analytes are decreased in down syndrome?

Answer 26

AFP, UE3

Question 27

Genetically female but whose phenotypic characteristics are, to varying degrees, male

Answer 27

Female pseudohermaphroditism

Question 28

Female pseudohermaphroditism occurs when there is an exposure to ___ before the 12th week of gestation

Answer 28

Androgen (testosterone increase)

Question 29

Development of secondary sexual characteristics in <8 yo female and <9 yo male

Answer 29

Precocious puberty

Question 30

The most common form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to deficiency of GNRH

Answer 30

Kallman Syndrome

Question 31

Sex affected by Kallman Syndrome

Answer 31

Both males and females

Question 32

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 32

Testicular Feminization Syndrome

Question 33

Level of testosterone in Testicular Feminization Syndrome

Answer 33

Low (primary hypogonadism)

Question 34

A genetic condition in males where they are born with an extra X chromosome, leading to infertility, reduced testosterone levels, and potential development and physical differences

Answer 34

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 35

Level of testosterone in Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 35

Low (primary hypogonadism)

Question 36

A surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles, which causes primary hypogonadism

Answer 36

Orchidectomy

Question 37

Condition that occurs in one-third of post-pubertal males with mumps infection

Answer 37

Mumps Orchitis

Question 38

One of the leading causes of male infertility

Answer 38

Mumps Orchitis

Question 39

Level of testosterone in Mumps Orchitis

Answer 39

Low (primary hypogonadism)

Question 40

A condition in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development

Answer 40

Cryptorchidism

Question 41

Level of testosterone in Cryptorchidism

Answer 41

Low (primary hypogonadism)

Question 42

Characterized by a lack of germ cells

Answer 42

Sertoli-Cell Only Syndrome/ Del Castillo Syndrome/ Germ Cell Aplasia

Question 43

The hallmark of disorders of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Answer 43

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Question 44

Lies in the upper part of the thoracic cvity

Answer 44

Thymus gland

Question 45

Helps in the development of T cells

Answer 45

Thymosin

Question 46

Small pinecone shaped gland located in the middle of the brain

Answer 46

Pineal gland

Question 47

Decreases the secretion of LH and FSH by decreasing the release of hypothalamic releasing hormone

Answer 47

Melatonin

Question 48

Regulates sleep and wake cycle

Answer 48

Melatonin

Question 49

Cells in the pineal gland that synthesizes melatonin

Answer 49

Pinealocytes

Question 50

What inhibits the secretion of melatonin?

Answer 50

Light stimuli

Question 51

T/F: Melatonin has only secreted during the dark period of the day

Answer 51

True