2S [LEC]: Endocrinology 1 Flashcards by 3sha Ann

Q

A chemical substance that sends a message to another cell in the body

A

Hormone

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Q

Type of gland that secretes substances into the blood stream

A

Endocrine

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Q

Type of gland that secretes substances onto a surface usually through a duct

A

Exocrine

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Q

Type of gland that sends cellular messages to other cells neurologically

A

Neurocrine

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Q

Type of gland that sends cellular messages to other cells via interstitial fluid

A

Paracrine

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Q

Composed of ductless glands that produce hormones which are directly secreted into the bloodstream for use throughout the body

A

Endocrine system

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Q

The “master gland”

A

Pituitary gland

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Q

The anterior pituitary gland is also termed as ___

A

Adenohypophysis

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Q

The posterior pituitary gland is also termed as ___

A

Neurohypophysis

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Q

The storage of hormones after being produced by the hypothalamus

A

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland)

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Q

The type of hormones stored in the neurohypophysis

A

Effector hormones

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Q

An effector hormone that is stored in the neurohypophysis and directly influences uterine contraction during birth

A

Oxytocin

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Q

A hormone associated with the positive feedback mechanism during labor

A

Oxytocin

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Q

Effector hormone stored in the neurohypophysis that acts on the kidney for water reabsorption in the DCT and collecting duct

A

ADH (vasopressin)

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Q

The only hormone produced by the adenohypophysis that is identified an effector hormone

A

Prolactin

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Q

Made up of the nervous system and the endocrine system that work together to keep the body to function regularly

A

Neuroendocrine system

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Q

Steroid hormones are derived from ___ and is usually bound to ___

A

Cholesterol
Protein

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Q

T/F: Steroid hormones can cross cellular membranes easily

A

True (because of their lipid content)

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Q

Steroid hormones act in which part of the cell?

A

Nucleus

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Q

Give the structural type of the hormone:

Activated Vitamin D3

A

Steroid

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Q

Give the structural type of the hormone:

Aldosterone

A

Steroid

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Q

Give the structural type of the hormone:

Androgens

A

Steroid

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Q

Give the structural type of the hormone:

Cortisol

A

Steroid

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Q

Give the structural type of the hormone:

Estrogen

A

Steroid

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Give the structural type of the hormone: Progesterone

Steroid

Give the structural type of the hormone: Testosterone

Steroid

T/F: Steroid hormones are hydrophilic

False (hydrophobic)

The precursor amino acid of catecholamines

Tyrosine (or tryptophan accdg. to the book)

T/F: Biogenic amines have a short half-life

True

T/F: Since tyrosine is derived from phenylalanine hydroxylation, phenylalanine it can produce catecholamines

False (hydroxylation of phe alone will not produce catecholamines)

Give the structural type of the hormone: Dopamine

Biogenic amine

Give the structural type of the hormone: Epinephrine

Biogenic amine

Give the structural type of the hormone: Norepinephrine

Biogenic amine

Give the structural type of the hormone: T3

Biogenic amine

Give the structural type of the hormone: T4

Biogenic amine

Organelle where peptide and protein hormones are synthesized

Rough ER

T/F: All peptide hormones are hydrophilic

True

Can peptide hormones cross the plasma membrane alone?

No

Peptide and protein hormones are usually produced by the ___

Hypothalamus

Give the structural type of the hormone: ACTH

Peptide and protein

Give the structural type of the hormone: Calcitonin

Peptide and protein

Give the structural type of the hormone: Growth hormone

Peptide and protein

Give the structural type of the hormone: Glucagon

Peptide and protein

Give the structural type of the hormone: Insulin

Peptide and protein

Give the structural type of the hormone: Oxytocin

Peptide and protein

Give the structural type of the hormone: PTH

Peptide and protein

Glycoprotein hormones are amino acid derivatives with ___ groups

Carbohydrate

Give the structural type of the hormone: TSH

Glycoprotein

Give the structural type of the hormone: FSH

Glycoprotein

Give the structural type of the hormone: LH

Glycoprotein

Give the structural type of the hormone: EPO

Glycoprotein

Give the structural type of the hormone: HCG

Glycoprotein

Hormone used as a marker of testicular tumor

HCG

Hormone important in RBC production

EPO

Fatty acid hormones is made up of small fatty acid derivatives of ___

Arachidonic acid

Fatty acid hormones are only effective in the body for ___

Seconds

Give the structural type of the hormone: Prostaglandin

Fatty acid

Give the structural type of the hormone: Leukotrienes

Fatty acid

Give the structural type of the hormone: Eicosanoid

Fatty acid

Give the structural type of the hormone: Thromboxane

Fatty acid

Type of hormone that acts directly on themselves

Autocrine

Type of hormone that acts adjacent to the cells of origin

Paracrine

Type of hormone that is secreted in one location and release into blood circulation

Endocrine

Releasing hormones are secreted in the ___

Hypothalamus

Releasing hormones are also known as ___

Hypophyseal hormones

Type of hormone that promotes secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones

Releasing hormones

Type of hormone that is secreted in the hypothalamus and GI tract

Inhibitory hormones

Type of hormone that suppresses the secretion of a particular hormone

Inhibitory hormones

Type of hormone that stimulates growth and activity of other endocrine glands

Tropic hormones

Type of hormone secreted by endocrine gland but with nonendocrine cells as targets

Effector hormones

Identify the type of hormone according to function: ADH

Effector

Identify the type of hormone according to function: Oxytocin

Effector

Identify the type of hormone according to function: FSH/ LH

Tropic

Identify the type of hormone according to function: ACTH

Tropic

Identify the type of hormone according to function: TSH

Tropic

Identify the type of hormone according to function: Prolactin

Effector

Identify the type of hormone according to function: Growth hormone

Tropic

Structural component of hormone with long half life

Lipid

Aside from the delta cells of the pancreas, ___ also produces somatostatin

Hypothalamus