2S [LEC]: Pancreas

Question 1

A dual-function organ located behind the stomach in the abdomen

Answer 1

Pancreas

Question 2

Hormone that promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

Glucagon

Question 3

Hormone that promotes glycogenesis, glycolysis, lipogenesis

Answer 3

Insulin

Question 4

Inhibitor hormone of TSH, GH, Glucagon, Insulin

Answer 4

Somatostatin

Question 5

A hormone produced by the B-cells that is absent in type I diabetes mellitus patients

Answer 5

Amylin

Question 6

A hormone that inhibits or regulates insulin

Answer 6

Amylin

Question 7

Favored when there is a relative increase in the insulin-to-glucagon ratio as in the postprandial state

Answer 7

Anabolism

Question 8

Favored with a relative decrease in this ratio as in the fasting state

Answer 8

Catabolism

Question 9

A tetradecapeptide with a disulfide bond that inhibits pituitary, GI, and pancreatic hormones

Answer 9

Somatostatin

Question 10

Somatostatin was first isolated from the ___

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

First isolated somatostatin peptide

Answer 11

Somatostatin-14

Question 12

Somatostatin with N-terminal extension that is a more potent inhibitor of other islet hormones

Answer 12

Somatostatin-28

Question 13

Co-localized and co-secreted with insulin in response to stimulation with nutrients

Answer 13

Amylin

Question 14

A synthetic analog of amylin that is available for use by injection before major meals in patients with insulin-required diabetes

Answer 14

Pramlintide

Question 15

Amylin is a 37-amino acid protein called ___

Answer 15

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)

Question 16

Hypersecretion of insulin that may be due to a tumor

Answer 16

Hyperinsulinism

Question 17

Tumor that causes hyperinsulinism

Answer 17

Insulinoma

Question 18

Hypersecretion of somatostatin by a tumor

Answer 18

Somatostatinoma

Question 19

Hypersecretion of glucagon by a tumor

Answer 19

Glucagonoma

Question 20

Presenting with widespread dermatitis, weight loss, glossitis, and abnormal glucose tolerance associated with an islet cell neoplasm of the pancreas on autopsy specimen

Answer 20

Glucagonoma

Question 21

Which of the following is not a manifestation of glucagonoma:

i. Diabetes
ii. Dystonia
iii. Depression
iv. Deep vein thrombosis
v. Dermatosis

Answer 21

ii

Question 22

Caused by pancreatic cell tumors, which overproduce gastrin

Answer 22

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Question 23

A condition associated with water diarrhea, recurring peptic ulcer, significant gastric hypersecretion and hyperacidity

Answer 23

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Question 24

Basal acid output and maximal acid output levels in the case of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Answer 24

Both are increased

Question 25

Identify the type of DM: Due to autoimmune B-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency, including latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood

Answer 25

Type 1

Question 26

Identify the type of DM: Due to a progressive loss of adequate B-cell insulin secretion frequently on the background of insulin resistance

Answer 26

Type 2

Question 27

Identify the type of DM: Diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation

Answer 27

Gestational DM

Question 28

Known as fibrocystic disease of the pancreas and mucoviscodisos

Answer 28

Cystic fibrosis

Question 29

An inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunction of mucous and exocrine glands throughout the body

Answer 29

Cystic fibrosis

Question 30

Causes the small and large ducts and the acini to dilate and convert into small cysts filled with mucus, resulting in the prevention of pancreatic secretions reaching the duodenum or, depending on the age of the patient, a plug that blocks the lumen of the bowel, leading to obstruction

Answer 30

Cystic fibrosis

Question 31

Inflammation of pancreas ultimately causes by autodigestion of the pancreas as a result of reflux of bile or duodenal contents into the pancreatic duct

Answer 31

Pancreatitis

Question 32

4th most frequent form of fatal cancer and causes about 38 000 deaths each year in the United States

Answer 32

Pancreatic Carcinoma

Question 33

5-year survival rate of pancreatic carcinoma patients

Answer 33

6%

Question 34

T/F: A tumor in the body or tail of the pancreas leads to early diagnosis and better management

Answer 34

False (cancer of the head of the pancreas is diagnosed early as it is near the common bile duct)

Question 35

Failure to digest or absorb fats, which renders the feces greasy in appearance

Answer 35

Steatorrhea

Question 36

T/F: Cystic fibrosis, pancreatic carcinoma, and pancreatitis can result in severely diminished pancreatic endocrine function

Answer 36

False (exocrine function is diminished)