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MT6324 > 2S [LEC]: Electrolytes > Flashcards

2S [LEC]: Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Ions capable of carrying electric charge

A

Electrolytes

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2
Q

A substance that dissociates into ions in solution and acquires the capacity to conduct electricity

A

Electrolytes

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3
Q

Which electrolytes are responsible in volume and osmotic regulation?

i. Na
ii. Mg
iii. PO4
iv. K
v. Cl
vi. Ca

A

i, iv, v

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4
Q

Which electrolytes are responsible in myocardial rhythm and contractility?

i. Na
ii. Mg
iii. PO4
iv. K
v. Cl
vi. Ca

A

iv, ii, vi

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5
Q

Which electrolytes can act as cofactors in enzyme activation?

i. Na
ii. Mg
iii. Zn
iv. K
v. Cl
vi. Ca

A

ii, iii, vi (pwede rin ang Cl for amylase)

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6
Q

Electrolyte responsible in the regulation of ATPase ion pumps

A

Mg

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7
Q

Electrolytes responsible in acid-base balance

i. Na
ii. Mg
iii. PO4
iv. K
v. Cl
vi. Ca

A

i, iv, v

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8
Q

Electrolytes responsible in blood coagulation

i. Na
ii. Mg
iii. PO4
iv. K
v. Cl
vi. Ca

A

ii, vi

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9
Q

Electrolytes responsible in neuromuscular excitability

i. Na
ii. Mg
iii. PO4
iv. K
v. Cl
vi. Ca

A

ii, iv, vi

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10
Q

Major extracellular cation

A

Na

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11
Q

Osmolality active cation

A

Na

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12
Q

Electrolyte that is used as a treatment for arrythmia

A

Ca

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13
Q

Electrolytes that are used as cofactors for ALP

A

Mn, Mg

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14
Q

Also known as coagulation factor IV

A

Ca

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15
Q

Electrolyte cofactor of amylase

A

Ca, Cl

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16
Q

How many Na molecules are pumped out as the ATP is converted into ADP?

A

3

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17
Q

How many K molecules are pumped in as the ATP is converted into ADP?

A

2

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18
Q

Level of K in acidosis

A

High

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19
Q

Level of K in alkalosis

A

Low

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20
Q

Electrolyte responsible for the production and use of ATP from glucose

A

Mg

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21
Q

How many percent of the total body weight is water?

A

40-75%

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22
Q

How much of the plasma is water?

A

93%

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23
Q

Physical property of solution that is based on concentration of solutes

A

Osmolality

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24
Q

Most osmometers use which colligative properties?

A

Freezing point depression
Vapor pressure

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25
Physiological response the regulates osmolality
Thirst Secretion of AVP
26
Major hormone systems that contribute to the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance in the body
AVP/ ADH (for water retention) RAAS (for sodium retention)
27
Increases tubule permeability to water so more is reabsorbed into the circulation
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) hormone
28
Regulates total concentration of blood through water balance
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) hormone
29
Parts of the nephron that are responsible for water reabsorption
Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct
30
How much osmolality increase is needed to trigger the hypothalamus to produce AVP?
1-2%
31
How much AVP is produced when the hypothalamus is triggered due to increased osmolality
4-fold increase
32
Released from the myocardial atria and promotes sodium excretion in the kidney
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
33
Where is the brain natriuretic peptide found?
In the heart
34
The sodium retention hormone
Aldosterone
35
Angiotensinogen is synthesized in which organ?
Liver
36
90% of the extracellular cation
Na
37
What is the effect of potassium deficiency in sodium level?
Decreased (since K will be conserved and there will be no exchange)
38
What is the effect of high cholesterol in sodium readings?
Falsely low (if indirect ISE is used)
39
Colorimetric method used in sodium determination
Suderman & Delory
40
Reagent used in Suderman & Delory
Zinc uranyl acetate
41
In flame emission spectrophotometry, what will be the color of chloride?
Intense yellow
42
In Suderman & Delory method of chloride determination, what is the byproduct of Na precipitation?
Triple salt (sodium magnesium uranyl acetate)
43
Electrode used in ISE if chloride is being measured
Glass membrane
44
Primary intracellular cation
Potassium
45
Which hormone promotes acute entry of potassium into the skeletal muscle and liver by increasing Na, K, ATPase activity?
Insulin
46
Which catecholamine impairs cellular entry of K?
Propanolol
47
Which catecholamine promote cellular entry?
Epinephrine
48
Exercise increases potassium levels by how much?
0.3 to 1.2 mmol/L
49
Reference range of potassium
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
50
Reference range of sodium
135-145 mmol/L
51
Potassium level in Addison's disease
Decreased
52
Effect of insulin overdose in potassium level
Decreased
53
Colorimetric method of potassium determination
Hoffman
54
Reagent used in Hoffman colorimetric method of potassium determination
Sodium tetraphenylboron/ Sodium cobaltnitrite
55
T/F: In Hoffman colorimetric determination of potassium, the blue color is proportional to the K concentration
False (turbidity is proportional to the K concentration)
56
In flame emission spectrophotometry, what will be the color of potassium?
Violet
57
Electrode used in ISE if potassium is being measured
Valinomycin
58
Inner electrolyte solution used in ISE if potassium is being measured
KCl
59
Reference range of chloride
98-107 mmol/L
60
Mercurimetric titration method in chloride determination
Schales and schales
61
In Schales and Schales method of chloride determination, the formation of soluble HgCl is due to excess mercury combining with diphenylcarbazone to form what color?
Blue
62
What reagent is used in the colorimetric method of chloride determination
Mercuric thiocyanate and ferric nitrate
63
In the colorimetric method of chloride determination, what color is the formed complex?
Reddish
64
Electrode used in ISE if chloride is being measured
Silver wire coated with AgCl
65
2nd most abundant intracellular cation
Mg
66
Which hormone increases renal reabsorption of Mg and enhances its intestinal absorption?
PTH
67
Hormones that increase renal excretion of Mg
Aldosterone Thyroxine
68
Reference range for Mg
0.63 - 1.0 mmol/L
69
Colorimetric method of Mg determination based on the production of reddish violet complex
Calmagite
70
What reagent minimizes the effects of serum proteins in colorimetric method of Mg determination?
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
71
Most abundant mineral element in the body
Calcium
72
Hormone stimulated by a decrease in ionized calcium, and suppressed with increased ionized calcium
PTH
73
Hormone that increases calcium absorption in the intestine
VitD (Cholecalciferol)
74
Hormone that inhibits the action of both PTH and VitD
Calcitonin
75
In calcium determination in urine, what is used to acidify the sample?
HCl
76
Gold standard for vitamin D determination
High Performance Layer Chromatography
77
Method used in PTH and calcitonin determination
Radioimmunoassay
78
How many percent of phosphorus is combined with calcium in the bones?
80%
79
Involved in the intermediary metabolism of the carbohydrate component of nucleosides and ATP
Phosphorus/ Phosphates
80
Important in structural integrity of cell membrane, surfactant furnishing to the lungs
Phosphorus/ Phosphates
81
Effect of PTH in phosphate
Decrease (promotes phosphate excretion)
82
Whic hormone increases intestine absorption and kidney reabsorption of phosphate?
VitD
83
Which hormone increase tubular reabsorption of phosphate?
Growth hormone
84
Colorimetric method of phosphate determination that uses TCA filtrate of the specimen
Fiske-Subbarow
85
In the colorimetric method of phosphate determination, what complex is formed?
Phosphomolybdate complex
86
In the enzymatic approach of phosphate determination, the phosphate group is incorporated into either ___ or ___ forming the corresponding phosphorylated derivative
Carbohydrate Nucleoside

MT6324 (26 decks)

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