2S [LAB]: Sodium & Potassium

Question 1

Ions capable of carrying an electrical charge

Answer 1

Electrolytes

Question 2

Cations migrate toward the ___ in electrophoresis

Answer 2

Cathode

Question 3

Anions migrate toward the ___ in electrophoresis

Answer 3

Anode

Question 4

Major extracellular electrolytes

Answer 4

Sodium
Chloride
Calcium

Question 5

Major intracellular electrolytes

Answer 5

Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate

Question 6

Major extracellular cation comprising of 90% of the total amount in the body

Answer 6

Sodium

Question 7

Cation that determines the osmolality of plasma

Answer 7

Sodium

Question 8

Makes sure that sodium concentration in ECF is higher, preventing osmotic rupture of cells

Answer 8

Na-K ATPase pump

Question 9

Hormone that regulates sodium through direct reabsorption

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Membrane used in ISE for sodium determination

Answer 10

Glass aluminum silicate membrane

Question 10

Sodium is 80% reabsorbed in the ___

Answer 10

Proximal tubules

Question 11

Sodium is 20-25% reabsorbed in the ___

Answer 11

Loop of Henle

Question 12

Method of choice in sodium determination

Answer 12

Ion Selective Electrode

Question 13

ISE type: undiluted samples interact with the ISE membrane

Answer 13

Direct ISE

Question 14

ISE type: diluted samples are used

Answer 14

Indirect ISE

Question 15

Colorimetric method of sodium determination that uses zinc uranyl acetate

Answer 15

Suderman and Delory

Question 16

Colorimetric method of sodium determination using magnesium uranyl acetate

Answer 16

Trinder

Question 17

Reagent used in sodium reagent kit

Answer 17

Phosphanazo III

Question 18

Conversion factor of sodium from mmol/L to mEq/L

Answer 18

1.0

Question 19

T/F: In sodium determination, hemolysis does not cause significant change in values

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Specimen of choice in urine sodium analyses

Answer 20

24-hour collection

Question 21

Aside from urine, what other sample may be used for sodium determination?

Answer 21

Sweat

Question 22

Sodium concentration that is considered hypernatremia

Answer 22

> 145 mmol/L

Question 23

A sodium concentration of ___ leads to 60-75% mortality rate

Answer 23

> 160 mmol/L

Question 24

Normal sodium concentration

Answer 24

130-150 mmol/L

Question 25

Conn's disease causes ___ in sodium concentration

Answer 25

Hypernatremia

Question 26

Water in the body is ___ proportional to sodium concentration

Answer 26

Inversely (water loss causes hypernatremia)

Question 27

Sodium concentration considered as hyponatremia

Answer 27

<135 mmol/L

Question 28

Sodium concentration that may be a result of GI symptoms

Answer 28

125-130 mmol/L

Question 29

Sodium concentration that may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms

Answer 29

<125 mmol/L

Question 30

Sodium concentration that may cause medical emergency

Answer 30

<120 mmol/L in 48 hours

Question 31

Potassium deficiency causes ___ in sodium concentration

Answer 31

Hyponatremia

Question 32

Adrenal concentration is ___ proportional to sodium concentration

Answer 32

Directly (hypoadrenalism causes hyponatremia)

Question 33

Major intracellular cation

Answer 33

Potassium

Question 34

Concentration of potassium is ___ greater in RBC

Answer 34

20x

Question 35

Only how many percent of potassium is found in plasma?

Answer 35

2%

Question 36

Potassium is filtered in the ___, reabsorbed in the ___, and secreted in the ___

Answer 36

Glomeruli Proximal tubules Distal tubules

Question 37

The secretion of potassium in the distal tubules is under the influence of ___

Answer 37

Aldosterone

Question 38

Cation the regulates neuromuscular activity, contraction of the heart, ICF volume, and H+ concentration

Answer 38

Potassium

Question 39

Potassium carrier in the membrane used in ISE potassium determination

Answer 39

Valinomycin

Question 40

Inner electrolyte solution used in ISE potassium determination

Answer 40

KCl

Question 41

Colorimetric method of potassium determination that uses sodium cobaltrinitrite

Answer 41

Lockhead and Purcell

Question 42

Colorimetric method of potassium determination that uses sodium tetraphenylboron

Answer 42

Hoffman

Question 43

The reaction and turbidity in potassium determination is read at what wavelength?

Answer 43

578 nm

Question 44

Anticoagulant of choice in potassium determination

Answer 44

Heparin

Question 45

Urine sample used in potassium determination

Answer 45

24-hour period

Question 46

A slight hemolysis increases potassium level by how many percent?

Answer 46

3%

Question 47

Gross hemolysis increases potassium level by how many percent?

Answer 47

30%

Question 48

In potassium determination, in cases of thrombocytosis, what sample is preferred?

Answer 48

Plasma

Question 49

T/F: In potassium determination, the whole blood sample is stored on ice

Answer 49

False (ice promotes release of K+ from cells)

Question 50

Optimal temperature in potassium determination

Answer 50

Room temperature

Question 51

Potassium concentration considered as hyperkalemia

Answer 51

5.5 mmol/L

Question 52

A potassium concentration of ___ causes muscle weakness

Answer 52

>8 mmol/L

Question 53

A potassium concentration of ___ can alter the ECG

Answer 53

6-7 mmol/L

Question 54

A potassium concentration of ___ causes fatal cardiac arrest

Answer 54

>10 mmol/L

Question 55

Addison's disease causes ___ in potassium concentration

Answer 55

Hyperkalemia

Question 56

A plasma potassium level of below ___ is considered hypokalemia

Answer 56

3.0 mmol/L

Question 57

Cushing's syndrome causes ___ in potassium concentration

Answer 57

Hypokalemia

Question 58

Hyperaldosteronism causes ___ in potassium concentration

Answer 58

Hypokalemia

Question 59

Insulin overdose causes ___ in potassium concentration

Answer 59

Hypokalemia