3S [LEC]: Trace Elements

Question 1

T/F: Many of non-essential trace elements are toxic

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Storage form of iron

Answer 2

Ferritin

Question 3

Aggregates of ferritin

Answer 3

Hemosiderin

Question 4

Iron transport protein

Answer 4

Transferrin

Question 5

Most abundant transition metal

Answer 5

Iron (Fe)

Question 6

Iron is the ___ most abundant element in earth’s crust

Answer 6

4th

Question 7

The primary means of regulating iron in the body is through absorption from the ___

Answer 7

Intestine

Question 8

In a normal menstrual cycle, how much iron is lost?

Answer 8

20-40 mg

Question 9

Single-gene homozygous recessive disorder leading to abnormally high Fe absorption

Answer 9

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)

Question 10

Iron overload with high serum and TIBC or transferrin, without tissue damage

Answer 10

Hemosiderosis

Question 11

Reducing agents used in serum iron analysis

Answer 11

Glycolic acid or ascorbic acid

Question 12

Serum iron analysis is done through acidification using which acid?

Answer 12

HCl

Question 13

Crystalline silver white ductile

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 13

ii

Question 14

Most abundant metal in the earth’s crust

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 14

ii

Question 15

Found in antacids, astringents, buffered aspirins, food additives, cosmetics, and antiperspirants

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 15

ii

Question 16

T/F: Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 16

True

Question 17

In plasma, it is bound to protein such as transferrin

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 17

ii

Question 18

How much aluminum is bound to bones?

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

How much aluminum is bound to lungs?

Answer 19

25%

Question 20

Can cause encephalopathy and interferes with a variety of enzymes

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 20

ii

Question 21

May cause lung problems

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 21

ii

Question 22

Toxicity may show through stuttering, gait disturbance, myoclonic jerks

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 22

ii

Question 23

Used for gemstones

i. Fe
ii. Al
iii. As
iv. Cd
v. Cr

Answer 23

v

Question 24

Valency states of chromium

Answer 24

Trivalent, hexavalent

Question 25

Which valency state of chromium is better absorbed and more toxic?

Answer 25

Hexavalent

Question 26

The estimated safe daily intake of chromium for adults

Answer 26

50-200 ug/day

Question 27

Can cause severe dermatitis and skin ulcers i. Fe ii. Al iii. As iv. Cd v. Cr

Answer 27

v

Question 28

Soft yet tough i. Al ii. Pb iii. Cd iv. Cu v. Hg

Answer 28

iv

Question 29

How many oxidation states does the copper have?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

How much copper is present in a healthy individual?

Answer 30

50-120 mg

Question 31

Extreme form of copper toxicity

Answer 31

Menke's

Question 32

Causes Wilson's disease i. Al ii. Pb iii. Cd iv. Cu v. Hg

Answer 32

iv

Question 33

Used in steel production and fertilizes i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 33

i

Question 34

T/F: Absorption of Mn is age-dependent

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which trace element/s are absorbed in age-dependent manner?

Answer 35

Mn, Pb

Question 36

Toxicity can cause disorientation, memory loss, anxiety, and compulsive laughing or crying i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 36

i

Question 37

Chronic toxicity resembles Parkinson's disease i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 37

i

Question 38

An essential trace element that is bound to globulin and RBC membranes and can cross the placenta i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 38

ii

Question 39

Involved in 3 enzymes acting as a cofactor i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 39

ii

Question 40

Deficiency is associated once with Crohn's disease i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 40

ii

Question 41

High dietary association with gout i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 41

ii

Question 42

Essential trace element used in antidandruff shampoos and fungicides i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 42

iii

Question 43

Associated with Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 43

iii

Question 44

Involved in thyroid metabolism i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 44

iii

Question 45

Essential trace element that is used for treatment of Wilson's disease i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 45

iv

Question 46

Deficiency may lead to atrophy i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 46

iv

Question 47

Involved in DNA & RNA synthesis, metabolism of chole and CHO i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 47

iv

Question 48

Deficiency may lead to growth retardation and testicular atrophy i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 48

iv

Question 49

Synthesis of RNA and DNA i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 49

iv

Question 50

Diagnosis of Wilson's disease i. Al ii. Pb iii. Cd iv. Cu v. Hg

Answer 50

iv

Question 51

Cholesterol synthesisi i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 51

i

Question 52

Red cell synthesis, part of vitamin B12 i. Mn ii. Co iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 52

ii

Question 53

Uric acid synthesis i. Mn ii. Mo iii. Se iv. Zn

Answer 53

ii

Question 54

Glucose tolerance i. Fe ii. Al iii. As iv. Cd v. Cr

Answer 54

v

Question 55

Structure of nucleic acid i. Fe ii. Al iii. As iv. Ni v. Cr

Answer 55

iv

Question 56

Heavy metal poisoning i. Pb ii. Al iii. As iv. Cd v. Hg

Answer 56

i, v

Question 57

For Alzheimer's disease i. Fe ii. Al iii. As iv. Cd v. Cr

Answer 57

ii