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MT6324 > 3S [LEC]: Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

3S [LEC]: Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Give the reference value for pH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Give the reference value for pCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

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3
Q

Give the reference value for HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

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4
Q

Give the reference value for pO2

A

80-100 mmHg

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5
Q

Give the reference value for HCO3 to H2CO3 ratio

A

20:1

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6
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Bicarbonate deficiency

A

Metabolic acidosis

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7
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Metabolic acidosis

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8
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Lactic acidosis

A

Metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Renal failure

A

Metabolic acidosis

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10
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Renal tubular acidosis

A

Metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Diarrhea

A

Metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Methyl alcohol poisoning

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Aspirin poisoning

A

Metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia)

A

Metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

Level of pCO2 as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis (low/high)

A

Low

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17
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Bicarbonate excess

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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18
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Ingestion of excess antacids

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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19
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Vomiting

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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20
Q

Identify whether metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis:

Hypokalemia, hypochloremia

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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21
Q

T/F: Hypoventilation is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis

A

False (it is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis; hyperventilation is the mechanism for acidosis)

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22
Q

Least effective compensatory mechanism

A

Respiratory acidosis

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23
Q

Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis:

Hypoventilation

A

Respiratory acidosis

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24
Q

Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis:

COPD

A

Respiratory acidosis

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25
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Emphysema
Respiratory acidosis
26
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Chronic bronchitis
Respiratory acidosis
27
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Stroke
Respiratory acidosis
28
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Botulism
Respiratory acidosis
29
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Myxedema (severe hypothyroidism)
Respiratory acidosis
30
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Myasthenia gravis
Respiratory acidosis
31
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: CNS disease (meningitis)
Respiratory acidosis
32
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Drug overdose
Respiratory acidosis
33
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Hyperventilation
Respiratory alkalosis
34
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Anxiety
Respiratory alkalosis
35
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Severe pain
Respiratory alkalosis
36
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Excessive crying
Respiratory alkalosis
37
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Asthma
Respiratory alkalosis
38
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Pneumonia
Respiratory alkalosis
39
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Congestive heart failure
Respiratory alkalosis
40
Identify whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis: Aspirin poisoning
Respiratory alkalosis
41
T/F: Respiratory alkalosis is a compensatory mechanism in salicylate poisoning, as metabolic acidosis will be its primary effect
False (metabolic acidosis is the compensatory mechanism)
42
Most effective compensatory mechanism
Respiratory alkalosis
43
Preferred anticoagulant in blood gas analysis
Lithium heparin
44
Effect of excess heparin in pCO2
Increased
45
Effect of excess heparin in pH
Decreased
46
Effect of excess heparin in pO2
Decreased
47
Effect of trapped air in pCO2
Decreased
48
Effect of trapped air in pH
Increased
49
Effect of trapped air in pO2
Increased
50
Effect of room temperature in pCO2
Increased
51
Effect of room temperature in pO2
Decreased
52
Effect of room temperature in pH
Decreased
53
Effect of 1C increase in temperature in pCO2
3% increase
54
Effect of 1C increase in temperature in pO2
7% decrease
55
Effect of 1C increase in temperature in pH
0.015 decrease
56
Common electrode used in blood pH determination
Ag/AgCl electrode
57
Principle used in pH determination
Potentiometry
58
Electrode used in pCO2 determination
Severinghaus electrode
59
Principle used in pCO2 determination
Potentiometry
60
Principle used in pO2 determination
Amperometry
61
Electrode used in PO2 determination
Clark electrode
62
A substance that can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium ion when dissolved in water
Acid
63
Substance that can yield hydroxide
Base
64
A solution of weak acid or bases and their salts that resist changes in pH
Buffer
65
Negative or inverse log of the hydrogen ion concentration
pH
66
Second largest fraction of the anion in the plasma
HCO3
67
Includes the undissociated carbonic acid and the physically dissolved anhydrous CO2
H2CO3
68
The pressure or tension exerted by CO2 gas dissolved in blood
Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)
69
An index of efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs
Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)
70
The pressure or tension exerted by oxygen gas dissolved in arterial blood
Partial pressure of O2 (pO2)
71
Amount of oxygen combined with hemoglobin compared to the amount of oxygen that can be combined with hemoglobin expressed as a percent
Oxygen saturation
72
Refers to a low oxygen content in arterial blood
Hypoxemia
73
Low carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypocapnia
74
Increased amount of CO2 in the blood or elevated arterial blood pCO2
Hypercapnia
75
HCO3 can be altered by which organ?
Kidney
76
In the HCO3-H2CO3 system, changes in ___ modify the ventilation rate
CO2
77
Regulate pH through retention or elimination of CO2 by changing the rate and volume of ventilation
Lungs
78
Play an important role and complex role in the maintenance of blood pH
Kidney

MT6324 (29 decks)

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