Aortic and Pulmonic Valve Disease Flashcards
Sequelae of bicuspid aortic valves include ____________.
aortic stenosis, aortic dilatation, aortic insufficiency (from prolapse), and endocarditis
Management of bicuspid aortic valves includes ____________.
screening of aortic size: if the aorta increases to greater than 5.5 cm, surgery is indicated; periodic echocardiography for evaluation of progression; and screening of family members
Rheumatic disease can lead to _______ of the aortic leaflets.
fusion of the commissures
Aortic stenosis does not become symptomatic until ___________.
late in the disease progression
The most common etiologies of aortic stenosis are __________.
bicuspid aortic valve, calcific disease, and rheumatic heart disease
A common physical exam finding of aortic stenosis is a harsh systolic sound at the ___________.
right upper sternal border
Aortic insufficiency is defined as _________.
faulty valve closure that allows blood to flow backward into the left ventricle during diastole
Bicuspid aortic valve is present in approximately ____ percent of the population.
one
Bicuspid aortic valve is ______ common in males than females.
more
Bicuspid aortic valve is inherited in a(n) _________ fashion.
autosomal dominant
Aortic stenosis has a long ___________ phase; presenting symptoms are _________.
asymptomatic; dyspnea on exertion, angina on exertion, and syncope
What sounds indicate aortic stenosis?
Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur
Surgical intervention is indicated in those with aortic stenosis who ____________.
are getting other kinds of heart surgery, are symptomatic, or have ejection fractions less than 50%
Which kind of heart failure does aortic insufficiency lead to?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What are the most common causes of aortic insufficiency?
Bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic heart disease, and aortic root dilation
