Small Group: Sodium Handling Flashcards
At the proximal tubule, there are many symporters. There is one antiporter, however. What is it?
The sodium/proton antiporter
What is acetazolamide?
A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
How does the thick ascending loop of Henle generate a charge gradient?
The cotransporter pushes CL, K, and Na into the cell. Some potassium leaks back into the lumen, making the lumen positive.
Potassium is absorbed by the _______ cells.
principal
How does cirrhosis cause sodium retention?
Blood pools in the splanchnic veins (i.e., it can’t get through the liver) and the aortic and carotid bodies detect lower EABV–thus activating the RAAS system
What kind of diuretic is bumetanide?
Loop diuretic
Thiazides cause _______-calcemia.
hyper
What are three methods of aldosterone escape?
Decreased angiotensin II secretion
Increased pressure natriuresis (increased pressure in the tubules leading to decreased functioning of the NaH pump in the proximal tubule)
Increased secretion of ANP
Give __________ to people in hypovolemic shock.
saline
Spironolactone may induce __________.
metabolic alkalosis
In nephrotic syndrome, what is the effect on CVP, pulmonary pressure, and EABV?
CVP down
PP down
EABV down
What could be the cause of refractory edema in a patient taking multiple diuretics?
Diuretic resistance
Increased salt intake
Medication noncompliance
How does loop-diuretic resistance occur?
Sodium passes through the loop of Henle and goes to the distal convoluted tubule. The thiazide-sensitive channels are inducible; thus, after time the thiazides can reabsorb all of the extra sodium that passed by the loop of Henle.
What is the difference between primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism in terms of BP, EABV, and AngII levels?
Primary: BP high, EABV high, AngII levels low
Secondary: BP low, EABV low, AngII levels high
