Practice Exam 1

Question 1

The A wave is ___________; the C wave is _____________; the X wave is ____________; the V wave is __________; and the Y wave is ___________.

Answer 1

atrial contraction; ventricular contraction; atrial relaxation; venous filling against the closed tricuspid valve; venous emptying into the atria

Question 2

Enlargement of which chamber can lead to hoarseness of the voice?

Answer 2

left atrium–it impinges on the laryngeal nerve

Question 3

Which coronary artery supplies the nodes of the heart?

Answer 3

The right coronary

Question 4

Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is ___________.

Answer 4

branched

Question 5

Myosin has ____ light chains and _____ heavy chains.

Answer 5

4; 2

Question 6

What are some side effects of amiodarone?

Answer 6

Pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, hyperthyroidism, and altered skin pigmentation

Question 7

The gain-of-function long QT mutation results from mutations in the __________.

Answer 7

sodium channels

Question 8

List the characteristics of Timothy syndrome.

Answer 8

It is a mutation in L-type calcium channels that results in hypoglycemia, immune deficiency, and arrhythmias.

Question 9

Once again, describe CPVT (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia).

Answer 9

RyR2 receptors release extra calcium into the cytosol, which further activates the NCX pump, leading to ectopic arrhythmias.

Question 10

At five years post-hospitalization, what percentage of CHF patients will die?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

Vascular disease _______ worsen heart failure.

Answer 11

does not, in and of itself,

Question 12

ß-blockers decrease ____________.

Answer 12

chronotropy

Question 13

Increased baroreceptor firing will lead to a __________ in sympathetic output.

Answer 13

decrease

Question 14

________ is indicated in patients with atrial dysrhythmia.

Answer 14

Digoxin

Question 15

Dobutamine is also used in ___________.

Answer 15

stress echoes

Question 16

___________ will decrease the intensity of mitral regurgitation murmurs.

Answer 16

Vasodilators

Question 17

Angioedema (which can present like an allergic reaction) is the most serious side effect of ___________.

Answer 17

ACE inhibitors

Question 18

Which HF drugs have anti-fibrotic properties?

Answer 18

Aldosterone receptor antagonists

Question 19

Internodal tracts get depolarized _______ atrial myocytes.

Answer 19

before

Question 20

Peaked, symmetrical T waves represent __________.

Answer 20

hyperkalemia

Question 21

Hypercalcemia leads to ____________.

Answer 21

shortened QT intervals

Question 22

ß-blockers are primarily _______ controllers.

Answer 22

rate

Question 23

The best treatment for 3° AV blocks is __________.

Answer 23

pacemaker

Question 24

Where is bradycardiac arrhythmia most severe?

Answer 24

When it is infranodal

Question 25

Those in atrial fibrillation receive __________.

Answer 25

IC and III antiarrhythmics

Question 26

Adenosine is/is not a longterm drug?

Answer 26

Is not

Question 27

Troponin _____ undergoes a conformational change in response to calcium binding.

Answer 27

I

Question 28

Stroke volume ________ in response to weight lifting.

Answer 28

decreases (due to increased afterload)

Question 29

A maladaptive hypertrophic heart will have _______ ATPase activity, while a healthy hypertrophied heart will have _______.

Answer 29

less; more

Question 30

Squatting makes ________ murmurs louder.

Answer 30

mitral regurgitation

Question 31

Hypertrophic CM is worsened by ___________.

Answer 31

vasodilators