Small Group: Acid/Base Cases

Question 1

What is the formula for CO2 compensation in metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 1

pCO2 = (0.7 x HCO3) + 20 +/- 1.5

Question 2

For every decrease in serum albumin of 1, adjust the anion gap up by ___________.

Answer 2

2.5

Question 3

What is the calculation for urine anion gap?

Answer 3

(Na + K) - Cl

Question 4

If a urinary anion gap is negative, then _________.

Answer 4

the kidneys are producing ammonium and the acid/base disorder is extra-renal origin

Question 5

If a urinary anion gap is positive, then ____________.

Answer 5

the kidneys are not producing chloride and the acid/base disorder is renal in origin

Question 6

What is the delta-delta equation?

Answer 6

It tells you if there is more than one metabolic pH imbalance.
(anion gap change) / (bicarb change)
If it is equal to one, then it is a simple metabolic acidosis. If it is greater than one,

Question 7

Low potassium can lead to what cardiac abnormality?

Answer 7

Tachyarrhythmias

Question 8

High potassium causes what cardiac abnormality?

Answer 8

Cardiac arrest

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis causes hypokalemia by ___________.

Answer 9

shifting into cells and increased excretion

Question 10

Urine sodium can be high in those with metabolic alkalosis because ____________.

Answer 10

bicarb excretion pulls extra sodium