Movement upper limb

Question 1

Meromelia

Answer 1

Partial absence of a limb

Question 2

PHocomelia

Answer 2

Hand attached to shoulder (thalidomide)

Question 3

Syndactyly

Answer 3

Fused digits

Question 4

Polydactyly

Answer 4

Extra digits

Question 5

Ectrodactyly

Answer 5

Lobster claw

Question 6

Borders of quadrangular space

Answer 6

Lat- humerus
Med-long head triceps brachii
Sup-teres minor
Inf- teres major

Question 7

What secretes Fgf10? What does it do?

Answer 7

Lateral plate mesoderm, thickens ectoderm- apical ectodermal ridge which secretes Fgf4 and 8 - progress zone, proximodistal growth

Question 8

What controls dorsoventral development of limbs?

Answer 8

Wnt7 (dorsal) and Engrailed-1 (ventral, inhibits wnt7)

Secreted by ectoderm

Question 9

What controls craniocaudal development of limb?

Answer 9

Shh secreted by caudal zone of polarising activity, diffuses in cranial direction

Question 10

Extensors of the upper limb come from the anterior or posterior condensation, which comes from the dorsal epimere or the ventral hypomere?

Answer 10

Posterior condensation from the ventral hypomere

Question 11

Pectoral girdle = ?+?

Answer 11

Scapula and clavicle

Question 12

Nerve supply to levator scapulae, rhomboid maj and min?

Answer 12

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 13

Deltoid innervation

Answer 13

Axillary

Question 14

Which shoulder muscles are not part of the rotator cuff

Answer 14

Deltoid and teres major

Question 15

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus nerve supply

Answer 15

Supra-scapular nerve

Question 16

Teres minor innervation

Answer 16

Axillary

Question 17

Teres major innervation

Answer 17

Lower sub-scapular

Question 18

Subscapularis innervation

Answer 18

Upper and lower sub-scapular

Question 19

What runs in the quadrangular space

Answer 19

Axillary nerve

Post circumflex humeral artery

Question 20

Clavipectoral/deltopectoral triangle- borders and contents

Answer 20

Deltoid, pec maj and clavicle

Cephalic vein

Question 21

Innervation of pec maj

Answer 21

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 22

Innervation of pec min

Answer 22

medial pectoral nerve

Question 23

Innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 23

long thoracic

Question 24

Innervation of subclavius

Answer 24

nerve to subclavius

Question 25

Damage to long thoracic nerve results in what sign?

Answer 25

Winged scapula

Question 26

Axilla borders

Answer 26

Med- upper thoracic wall, serr ant Lateral- intertubercular sulcus of humerus Anterior- pect maj and min, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia Posterior- subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head triceps brachii

Question 27

Contents of the neurovascular bundle that passes through the axilla?

Answer 27

Brachial plexus, axillary artery and vein, lymph

Question 28

Neve supply to index finger palmar side

Answer 28

Median

Question 29

Nerve supply to dorsum of hand caudal side

Answer 29

ulnar

Question 30

What does the median cubital vein connect?

Answer 30

Basilic and cephalic veins

Question 31

From where does the cephalic vein arise?

Answer 31

Dorsal veins of the hand

Question 32

What does the basilic vein become in the arm when it pierces the deep fascia?

Answer 32

Axillary vein

Question 33

Nerve to anterior compartment of arm

Answer 33

Musculocutaneous

Question 34

Artery to anterior compartment of arm

Answer 34

Brachial

Question 35

Posterior compartment of arm contents?

Answer 35

Triceps brachii

Question 36

Triceps nerve supply

Answer 36

Radial

Question 37

Triceps artery

Answer 37

Deep brachial

Question 38

What structures run in the spiral groove of the humerus? Is this superior or inferior to teres major

Answer 38

Radial nerve and deep brachial artery | Inferior

Question 39

Dislocation of the lunate bone may lead to compression of which nerve?

Answer 39

Median

Question 40

Contents of cubital fossa

Answer 40

Biceps brachii tendon Brachial artery Median nerve

Question 41

Flexor compartment is innervated by which nerve? Except?

Answer 41

Median, except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 42

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 42

Median nerve Tendons of : -flexor pollicis longus -flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

Question 43

Extensor compartment of forearm is innervated by

Answer 43

Radial nerve

Question 44

Hypothenar eminence nerve

Answer 44

Deep branch ulnar

Question 45

Lumbricals nerve?

Answer 45

Medial 2 - deep ulnar | Lateral 2 - median digital branches

Question 46

Interossei nerves

Answer 46

deep ulnar

Question 47

Thenar eminence nerves

Answer 47

Median

Question 48

Cubital fossa borders

Answer 48

Lat- brachioradialis | Med- pronator teres

Question 49

Borders of anatomical snuff box

Answer 49

Ant- abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis | Post- extensor pollicis longus

Question 50

Which direction are most elbow dislocations?

Answer 50

Posterior

Question 51

Elbow dislocation associated nerve injury?

Answer 51

Ulnar

Question 52

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus injures which nerve?

Answer 52

Axillary

Question 53

Fracture of humeral shaft injures which nerve

Answer 53

Radial (spiral groove. Wrist drop)

Question 54

Supracondylar fracture of humerus injury to what?

Answer 54

Median nerve and brachial artery

Question 55

Which carpal bone is most commonly dislocated?

Answer 55

Lunate

Question 56

Ulnar nerve and artery run in what in the wrist?

Answer 56

Guyon's canal

Question 57

Ulnar nerve damage = what sign?

Answer 57

Ulnar claw

Question 58

Colles fracture is where and results in what appearance of the wrist?

Answer 58

Distal radius | Dinner fork appearance

Question 59

Most shoulder dislocations are in which direction?

Answer 59

Inferior

Question 60

Shoulder is which dermatome?

Answer 60

C4

Question 61

Damage to C5 and C6 is which palsy? What sign? How may it occur

Answer 61

Erb's Waiter's tip Stretching neck when baby delivered, or fall from a height onto neck

Question 62

Damage to C8 T1 is which palsy? | What sign?

Answer 62

Klumpke's Claw hand as intrinsic hand muscles are paralysed Pulling arm a lot

Question 63

Klumpke's palsy plus elbow pain=?

Answer 63

Cubital fossa syndrome

Question 64

Wrist drop is a sign of?

Answer 64

Radial nerve palsy (injury in spiral groove)

Question 65

Hand of benediction a sign of?

Answer 65

Median nerve injury at elbow

Question 66

Difference between HoB and ulnar claw?

Answer 66

HoB only when try to make fist (can't flex digits 1-3- median nerve) but ulnar claw = can't flex median lumbricals (ulnar nerve)

Question 67

Where are the trunks of the brachial plexus located?

Answer 67

Neck

Question 68

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus located?

Answer 68

axilla

Question 69

Where are the divisions of the brachial plexus located?

Answer 69

Clavicle

Question 70

Root values of thoracodorsal nerve

Answer 70

C6-C8 (post)

Question 71

Root values of Median nerve

Answer 71

C6-T1 (ant)

Question 72

Root values of Axillary nerve

Answer 72

C5,C6 (posterior division)

Question 73

Root values of long thoracic nerve

Answer 73

C5,C6,C7

Question 74

Root values of medial pectoral

Answer 74

C8, T1