Heart failure and congenital

Question 1

What 3 things and 2 principles can lead to left heart failure?

Answer 1

HTN
Valve disfunction
MI
Principles- pressure and volume overload.

Question 2

2 causes of RHF?

Answer 2

LHF

Cor pulmonale

Question 3

Difference between L and R HF?

Answer 3

Left- low output to body

Right- blood not removed from veins

Question 4

3 symptoms LHF

Answer 4

Fluid retention
Stupor
Pulmonary oedema

Question 5

3 symptoms RHF

Answer 5

Liver and spleen congestion/hypertrophy
Pleural/pericardial effusion
Peripheral oedema

Question 6

How does the heart muscle end up in heart failure?

Answer 6

Hypertrophied and dilated

Question 7

2 types stenosis

Answer 7

Aortic and mitral

Question 8

Aortic stenosis results in

Answer 8

LV hypertrophy

Question 9

Mitral stenosis results in (5)

Answer 9

pancarditis
inflammation
aschoff bodies
vegetations
thickened valve

Question 10

2 causes of mitral stenosis

Answer 10

Rheumatic HD- group A strep

Mitral annular calcification

Question 11

2 types regurg

Answer 11

Aortic and mitral

Question 12

4 causes aortic regurg

Answer 12

rheumatic
infection
marfan syndrome
syphilis

Question 13

4 causes mitral regurg

Answer 13

infection
fen-phen
mitral annular calcification
mitral valve prolapse

Question 14

What is mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 14

Myxomatous degeneration of the valve

Question 15

3 features of mitral valve prolapse

Answer 15

Often asymptomatic
Mild systolic click
Chest pain/dyspnoea

Question 16

3 rare complications of mitral valve prolapse

Answer 16

Infective endocarditis
Arrythmias
Death

Question 17

L to R shunts symptoms

Answer 17

Pulmonary hypertension

NO cyanosis

Question 18

4 diseases with L to R shunt

Answer 18

ASD
VSD
PDA
AVSD

Question 19

3 types atrial septal defect

Answer 19

Secundum (most common- defective fossa ovalis)
Primum
Sinus venosus

Question 20

Most common heart defect?

Answer 20

VSD

Question 21

Large VSD= ?

Answer 21

pulmonary hypertension

Question 22

4 things patent ductus arteriosus is associated with

Answer 22

VSD
Coarctation aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic stenosis

Question 23

When might the shunt switch to R to L in PDA?

Answer 23

when pulmonary HTN reaches systemic levels

Question 24

When would it be good to keep the ductus arteriosus patent?

Answer 24

TRansposition of great vessels

Question 25

What is AVSD assoc with in 1/3 cases?

Answer 25

Down's syndrome

Question 26

Symptoms of R to L shunt?

Answer 26

Cyanosis | Venous emboli are paradoxical (systemic)

Question 27

5 diseases with R to L shunt

Answer 27

``` Tetralogy of fallot Transposition great vessels Truncus arteriosus Tricuspid atresia Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection ```

Question 28

4 features of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 28

VSD Pulmonary artery stenosis RV hypertrophy Overriding aorta

Question 29

What is truncus arteriosus associated with?

Answer 29

VSD

Question 30

2 symptoms truncus arteriousus

Answer 30

Cyanosis | Increased pulmonary blood flow

Question 31

3 conditions that require a shunt to survive?

Answer 31

Transposition great arteries Tricuspid atresia Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Question 32

3 types obstructive coronary heart disease?

Answer 32

Coarctation of the aorta Pulmonary stenosis Aortic stenosis

Question 33

Coarctation of the aorta is associated with what two things?

Answer 33

Turner's syndrome 45X | Bicuspid aortic valve

Question 34

Coarctation of the aorta has which 2 forms

Answer 34

Infantile and adult

Question 35

3 types aortic stenosis

Answer 35

valvular subvalvular supravalvular