Alimentary - simple stomachs

Question 1

What is the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

Cranial border - diaphragm
Ventral border - abdominal muscles
Dorsal border - vertebrae and latissimus dorsi
Caudal border - pelvic floor

Question 2

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 2

Peritoneum is a serous membranous tissue that covers the abdominal cavity.

Visceral - Folds around the internal and intra-abdominal organs
Parietal - covers outer layer

Question 3

What does the peritoneum do?

Answer 3

Provides protection
Allows organs to avoid boundaries
Acts as a net for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic tissues

Question 4

What organs doesn’t the peritoneum contain?

Answer 4

Kidneys, as they develop after the peritoneum and exist in a retro peritoneum space

Question 5

How would you describe the stomach?

Answer 5

Muscular
4 regions - cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric

Question 6

How does the stomach attach to the abdomen?

Answer 6

Gastrophrenic and gastrosplenic ligaments attach the greater omentum to greater curvature

Gastrohepatic and hepatoduodenal ligaments attach the lesser curvature to the lesser omentum

Question 7

What is the vasculature of the stomach/liver/spleen/pancreaas?

Answer 7

Abdominal aorta splits into celiac artery and trunk, then three branches.

Drainage via hepatic portal vein

Question 8

What is the anatomy of the liver of carnivores?

Answer 8

6 lobes:

Caudate process of caudate lobe
Right lateral lobe
Right medial lobe
(Gall bladder)
Quadrate lobe
Left medial lobe
Left lateral lobe
Papillary process of caudate lobe

Question 9

What is the vasculature of the liver?

Answer 9

The hepatic artery - general circulation
Hepatic portal vein - small intestines
Central vein -> caudal vena cava

Question 10

What are the differences in gall bladder between dogs and cats?

Answer 10

Cats - one opening and one exit
Dogs - one exit with both ducts, but have a smaller exit with an accessory pancreatic duct

Question 11

What is the mesentry?

Answer 11

Fold of membrane that attaches the intestines to the abdomen

A double fold of the peritoneum.

Question 12

What is the difference in the ileocaecocolic junction between cats and dogs?

Answer 12

Dogs - ileum opens to colon via ileocolic orifice, colon to caecum via cecocolic orifice. Caecum doughnut shaped
Cats - no orifices all just merged into one area

Question 13

What is the omentum?

Answer 13

Double/multiple layer of paritoneum from stomach/proximal part of duodenum to adjacent organs

Lesser - lesser curvature of stomach connecting to proximal duodenum to liver

Greater - greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to colon and transverse mesocolon. Hands freely and often covered in far

Question 14

What is the gastrosplenic ligament?

Answer 14

Joins stomach to spleen

Question 15

What is the vasculature from mid to hindgut?

Answer 15

Travels

Aorta> 1. Cranial mesenteric artery 2. Caudal mesenteric artery

1. and 2. anastomose and run through mesentery

Question 16

What does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 16

Small intestine, caecum, ascending and transverse colon

Question 17

What does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 17

Descending colon

Question 18

What is the external abdominal oblique muscle?

Answer 18

Starts at costal cartilages

Inserts at a wide aponeurosis and runs caudoventrally

Compresses abdominal cavity, rotates trunk and superficially forms inguinal ligament

Question 19

What is the internal abdominal oblique muscles?

Answer 19

Sits below EAO.

Starts at coxal tuberosity

Inserts at linea alba and final rib costal arch

Opposes EAO in rotation, compresses abdomen and opposes diaphragm

Question 20

What is the transversus abdominus

Answer 20

Starts at transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and ribcage

Inserts at linea alba

Helps compress ribs and provides stability
Last muscle before abdominal cavity

Question 21

What is the rectus abdominus?

Answer 21

Runs both sides of the linea alba.

Starts at sternum and sternal rib cartilage

Inserts at prepubic tendon and public bone

Assists in breathing and abdominal stability and enclosed by rectus sheath

Question 22

What is the inguinal ring?

Answer 22

Connective tissue opening between the abdominal muscles, and the aponeurosis forms passage for vagina and testes descent.

Internal and external

Question 23

What is the vascularisation of the abdominal wall?

Answer 23

Cranial - cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein
Caudal - caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein