Locomotor - Cartilage, Tendons and Ligaments Flashcards
What is the function of a tendon?
To join muscle to bone and transmit muscular forces by storing and releasing energy
What makes up a tendon?
No nerves
86% type I collagen, crimped
2% elastin
1-5% proteoglycans
Water
Covered by fibres
What makes up a ligament?
Joins bone to bone
75% collagen
More proteoglycans
Fibrocytes
What makes up cartilage?
68% water
10-20% type II collagen
10-20% chondrotin sulphate (type of proteoglycan)
Hyaluronan
Chondrocytes
What do chondrocytes do?
Synthesise collagen II, GAGs and proteins for matrix
How is articular cartilage organised?
Responds to stress and strain.
Articular surface/superficial tangetial zone 10-20%
- horizontal/transverse to withstand high stress
Middle transitional zone 40-60%
- oblique arrangement with some proteoglycans
Base/deep zone 30%
-vertical arrangement with high level of proteoglycans to resist high compression
What is the difference between strain and stress?
Stress is the force applied to a material, divided by the material’s cross-sectional area.
Strain is the deformation or displacement of material that results from an applied stress
What happens when collagen is placed under strain?
Reaches through the elastic region, with energy stored. At a point it will yield and past this will fail aka tear.
What is formed from high strain?
Ligaments / woven bone
What is formed from high compression?
Articular cartilage?
