Locomotor - Canine Anatomy

Question 1

Details on the forelimb?

Answer 1

Bears 60% of the weight

Consists of pectoral girdle and forelimb bones

Question 2

What is the scapula?

Answer 2

Shoulder bone, close to sagittal plane with a small clavicle.

Acormion - noticable ridge making it easy to feel

Question 3

What is the humerus?

Answer 3

Head joins to scapula, with greater tubercle

Olecranon fossa - triangle of elbow

Suprarochlear foramen - sectures positioning with ulna for stabilisation

Question 4

What are the radius and the ulna?

Answer 4

Radius - smaller, main weight barer of distal limb. Distinct facets for articulation with carpal bones.

Ulna - bigger with olecranon to secure joint to humerus and triceps brachii.

Question 5

What is the manus?

Answer 5

Forepaw.

Made up of 7 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones (1st short and non-functional).

Many sesamoid bones to help relieve stress on tendons as digitgrade (dogs).

Weight on II to V, mainly III and IV.

Question 6

Details on hindlimb?

Answer 6

Pelvic girdle - ilium, ischium and pubis.

Bears 40% of weight

Question 7

What is the anatomy of the pelvis

Answer 7

Pelvic outlet - birth canal

Tuber coxae - hip bones at top

Iliac crest - highest part of spine between hip bones

Illium - long pelvic bone

Ischium - second largest bone
-Ischial tuberosities - v shape at base of pelvis

Pubic symphsis/Symphysis ischii - fused joining

Obturator foramen - hole between pubis and ischium

Question 8

Details of the femur?

Answer 8

Joins to the hip, slightly shorter than tibia, thick with short neck

Condyles are prominent

Caudomedially lesser trochanter
Prominent lateral greater trochanter
Third trochanter where gluteal muscles join

Question 9

Details of knee joint?

Answer 9

3 sesamoid bones;
- 2x fabellae, caudal to stifle joint. 1 palpable.
- Patella is largest at kneecap

Question 10

Details of tibia and fibia?

Answer 10

Tibia is bigger with condyles and tuberosity

Fibula is smaller, longer and slender with distinct groove

Question 11

Detail of tarsus?

Answer 11

Hock is the:

Talus -articulates with distal tibia
Calcaneus - large for tendon attachment
Central tarsal bone
Tarsal bones x7 (I-IV) - IV is largest spanning entire region
Metatarsals x5, 1st is short/absent

Question 12

Details of the spine?

Answer 12

5 areas:

Cervical 1-7
Thoracic 1-13
Lumbar 1-7
Sacral 1-3
Coccygeal 1-20 (vaires

Question 13

What are the details of vertebrae?

Answer 13

Separated by joints. 4 sites have restricted motion

Atlantoaxial
C7 to T1

Caudal thoracic region

Sacrum

Question 14

What are the details of ribs?

Answer 14

9 pairs of true ribs and 4 pairs of flase ribs

A long sternum, manubrium and xiphoid process

Question 15

Whats the acormion?

Answer 15

The ridge of the scapula

Question 16

Whats the greater tubercle of the humerus?

Answer 16

Joins to scapula

Question 17

What is the olecrannon fossa?

Answer 17

The deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea. It provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm.

Question 18

What is the supraochlear fossa?

Answer 18

Secures the positioning of the ulna. A variable sized hole between two epicondyles.

Question 19

What is the pelvic outlet?

Answer 19

The birth canal

Question 20

What is the tuber coxae?

Answer 20

The iliac spine, and the adjacent part of the ventral border of the ilium wing

Question 21

What is the iliac crest?

Answer 21

The “hip bone”

Question 22

What is the ilium?

Answer 22

Cranial half of the coxae, has a flat wing part and a narrow body

Question 23

What is the iscium?

Answer 23

Contains a tuberosity, body, table and ramus

Question 24

what is the pubic symphysis/symphysis ischii?

Answer 24

Where the coxae join?

Question 25

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 25

Big hole for nerves and vessels to pass

Question 26

What is the femur lesser trochanter?

Answer 26

Caudomedially sat

Question 27

Where is the femurs greater trochanter?

Answer 27

Prominent laterally

Question 28

What is the femurs third trochanter?

Answer 28

For the gluteal muscles to join

Question 29

What is the talus?

Answer 29

Articulates with distal tibia

Question 30

What is the calcaneous?

Answer 30

A large prominent bone for tendon attachment

Question 31

What is the atlantoaxis joint?

Answer 31

C1 and C2 joints gliting

Question 32

What is the atlanto-occipital?

Answer 32

Joining of skull to backbone, elipsoid joint