Locomotor - joints Flashcards
What are synovial joints?
Most common type of joint as most moveable.
Consists of articulating bones separated by synovial fluid, contained in a synovial membrane, strengthened by a joint capsule.
What is hyaline cartilage?
Found at top of long bones. Made of chrondrocytes, collagen II, GAGs (chrondroitin sulphate) and mostly water.
Provides a smooth gliding surface, shock absorption and load transmission.
Avascular to has limited healing/repair ability, blood supply via epiphysis and joint capsule.
Has proprioceptior and free sensory fibres in the joint capsule.
What is synovial fluid?
Clear fluid with hyaluronic acid, a proteoglycan known for jelly consistency.
For lubrication, shock absorption and nutrient/waste transport
What is the synovial membrane?
Fibrous tissue for producing synovial fluid and phagocytosis, a bit leaky.
What are the menisci?
If bones have condyles, they sit in discs of fibrous cartilage called menisci to provide stability
What are bursa?
Fluid filled sacs to cushion the area and help movement
What are sheaths?
Wrap around tendons to ease gliding
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Resist compression and provide support/flexibility.
Contains chrondrocytes that undergo chondrogenesis to produce extracellular matrix.
Two types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchrondosis and immoveable - fibrocartilage between articulating surfaces e.g. ribs and sternum
Symphysis and slightly more moveable - hylaine between e.g. pelvis and mandibular
What are fibrous joints?
No joint cavity, bound by ligamentous/fibrous tissue so are largely immovable.
What are examples of fibrous joints?
Sutures - sites in the skull, close as species age
Gomphosis - joints holding teeth to dental alveoli
Syndesmosis - hold tibula and fibula together. In horses can ossify the metacarpals
Other types of joint?
Non-articular hyaline - in trachea
Elastic cartilage
What is a planar joint?
Bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved.
V few true planar joints
What is an example of a planar joint?
Carpus/tarsus
Between cervical vertebra
What is a pivot joint?
Like a peg fitted within a ring, which rotates.
