Cell division and differentation Flashcards
What is hypertrophy?
Cells growing
What is hyperplasia?
Cells dividing
What are the three concurrent cycles in the cell cycle?
Chromosome/mitosis cycle
Cytoplasmic/cytokinesis cycle
Centrosome cycle
What is the order of the cell cycle?
G0
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
What happens in G0
Where the cells can exist the cycle transiently or permanently
What happens in G1?
This is normal cell activity and often the longest stage. This is where cells hypertrophy
What happens in the S phase?
This is the centrosome cycle is.
It’s where the contents double and the time here depends on the amount of DNA.
What happens in the G2 phase?
This is where the cell exists with double contents. It cannot stay like this for long.
What happens in the mitosis phase?
A short phase that uses mitotic spindles/microtubules and a contractile ring of actin/myosin with 6 stages.
What are the 6 stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What happens in prophase?
The chromosomes condense and mitotic spindles begin to assemble. Spindles are formed from centrosomes and grow out like a star.
What happens in metaphase?
Pro-metaphase - nuclear membrane breaks down and spindles/chromosomes attach via kinetochores. Spindles begin to move to poles of the cells.
Metaphase - the sister chromatids align on the equator, creating the metaphase plate
What happens in anaphase?
Sister chromatids are separated by spindles moving, shortening their tubes as the chromosomes slide along it.
What happens in telophase?
Chromosomes are at the poles and decondense with a nuclear envelope forming around them.
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cell is split in two, with the contractile ring which forms under the membrane.
