All Cards FINAL SOCI 121 Flashcards
In-class Game (296 cards)
1
Q
A delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services
A
vaccine hesitancy
2
Q
The process that changes “bad” behaviour into “sick” behavior
A
medicalization of deviance
3
Q
A collection of social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goal
A
social movement industry
4
Q
Any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism
A
disease vector
5
Q
A household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins is a(n):
A
A. Extended family
6
Q
The number of years a person is expected to live is their:
A
A. Life expectancy
7
Q
The collection of social movements in a society
A
social movement sector
8
Q
The movement of people into and out of an area
A
migration
9
Q
The increasing gap between the technological haves and have-nots
A
digital divide
10
Q
A form of colonialism focused on permanent settlement and corresponding displacement of Indigenous Peoples and societies is known as:
A
B. Settler colonialism
11
Q
Non-communicable diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, characterized by the slow onset of symptoms
A
chronic diseases
12
Q
A city defined by its orientation to circuits of global consumption, the fragmentation of previously homogeneous cultures, and the emergence of multiple centres or cores
A
postmodern city
13
Q
Norms that are specified in explicit codes and enforced by government bodies are:
A
B. Laws
14
Q
When a physician certifies that an illness is genuine
A
medical legitimation
15
Q
The social process in which civil society organizes itself for military action and the production of violence as a routine practice of everyday life
A
normalization of militarization
16
Q
The elevated feeling experienced by individuals when they come together as a group is known as:
A
D. Collective effervescence
17
Q
The belief and practice that heterosexuality is the only normal sexual orientation is:
A
D. Heteronormativity
18
Q
A social media condition created by algorithms that personalize or filter an individual’s online experience in which users encounter only information and opinions that align with and confirm their existing beliefs is:
A
B. Filter bubble
19
Q
The process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values is:
A
B. Socialization
20
Q
The sum of energy required for a finished product including the resource extraction, transportation, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and disposal
A
embodied energy
21
Q
The principle that individuals must regulate instinctual drives for gratification according to the reality of the restrictions, rules and moral codes of the social order is the:
A
B. Reality principle
22
Q
A self-perpetuating system encompassing actors, materials, technologies, policies and practices that make up and reinforce private vehicle usage
A
automobility
23
Q
The ability of a dominant group in society to secure consent to its rule by successfully presenting its own interests, values and norms as the common sense interests, values and norms of everybody is described as:
A
C. Hegemony
24
Q
The use of signs and symbols to stand in for referents: experiences, events, things, ideas, and people, for example, are:
A
D. Representations
25
The relationships of power that emerge when the task of fostering and administering the life of the population becomes central to government
biopolitics
26
A city form based economically on corporate management and financial services
corporate city
27
Movements that seek incremental change to the social structure
reform movements
28
The religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world is:
D. Animism
29
The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
social epidemiology
30
A system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant is:
D. Religion
31
Movements of collective feeling, public expression and social creation that are in the process of emerging and not yet caught in a definite mould
social currents
32
Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
traditional authority
33
A state of poverty subjectively present when one’s actual income does not meet one’s expectations is known as:
B. Subjective poverty
34
A purposeful, organized group that works toward a common social goal
social movement
35
The role of the state in securing social harmony and the consent of the public to be ruled
legitimation function
36
The general tendency in modern society for all institutions and most areas of life to be transformed by the application of rationality and efficiency is:
A. Rationalization
37
The process by which religion and the sacred gradually have less validity, influence, and significance in society and the lives of individuals is:
C. Secularization
38
A measure of the number of people who die
mortality rate
39
The physical limitations a less-able person faces
impairment
40
A collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of identity are a(n):
C. Aggregate
41
A society organized around the definition of norms used to discipline bodies and regulate populations
normalizing society
42
The political principles and practice of social organization without formal or state leadership
anarchism
43
The subjective experience of ‘not feeling well.’
illness
44
The process by which a global dimension of social relations emerges and spreads refers to:
A. Globalization
45
The reinvestment of profit in order to increase private capital assets and future profits
capital accumulation
46
The process in which political messaging is subject to sophisticated controls, calculations, and communications strategies
political image management
47
A large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time
flash mob
48
An ideological framework that states that there are only two possible sexes, male and female, and two possible genders, masculine and feminine is a:
A. Dominant gender schema
49
A large urban corridor that encompasses several cities and their surrounding suburbs and exurbs
megalopolis
50
A violent armed conflict between politically distinct groups
war
51
Health insurance that is funded or provided by the government
public health care
52
Social solidarity or cohesion through a complex division of labour, mutual interdependence, and restitutive law is:
A. Organic solidarity
53
A form of government in which a single person, or monarch, rules until that individual dies or abdicates the throne
monarchy
54
The communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute
suburbs
55
Any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns, social relationships, institutions, cultural values and norms
social change
56
(In a biological usage) the connection between human variations and the historical-geographical origins of an individual or group’s ancestors refers to someone’s:
A. Ancestry
57
A functional perspective that looks at the relationship between people and their built and natural environment
human ecology
58
The shared meanings, symbols, concepts, categories and images of a social group or society
collective representations
59
A type of definition that defines a phenomenon by what it does or how it functions in society is a(n):
A. Functional definition
60
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
61
Violent military conflict in which there is a significant imbalance of technical and military means between combatants
asymmetrical warfare
62
A style of government which governs individuals through their exercise of freedom and free choice
neoliberalism
63
The transformation of health and health services into products that can be bought and sold in the marketplace
commodification of health
64
Theory that analyzes why the common features contemporary social movements are concerns with quality of life issues rather than traditional materialist issues
new social movement theory
65
Internalized social norms that define what people should do when they occupy a social role in society refers to:
B. Social expectation
66
An explanation for why the Gods allow for suffering, misfortune, and injustice to occur is known as:
D. Theodicy
67
Theoretical framework that describes human pressure on environmental systems as a product of capitalism, which prioritizes economic growth over social inequality and environmental protection
treadmill of production theory
68
A perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behaviour
emergent norm theory
69
The study of social structures and processes based on a systematic description of the contents of subjective experience
phenomenology
70
Strategies to restructure the environment or context of problematic behaviour in order to minimize the risks to the general population
risk management
71
A theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behaviour and collective action
assembling perspective
72
When social movements state a clear solution to their issue
prognostic framing
73
A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society is:
D. Structural functionalism
74
The uncontrolled growth of urban areas with a low population density, high dependence on automobiles, and poor planning
sprawl
75
A framework that describes the social variables that influence health outcomes for individuals and populations
social determinants of health model
76
A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests
representative democracy
77
Power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities
charismatic authority
78
The movement of people out of an area to another place of permanent residence
emigration
79
People who share close proximity without really interacting
casual crowds
80
Disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them
personality disorders
81
Theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals
resource mobilization theory
82
A sociological model of family that sees the progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages is the:
B. Family life course
83
When a societal system has developed with an embedded disenfranchisement of a group, this is known as:
B. Institutional racism
84
A fairly large number of people sharing close proximity
crowd
85
A theoretical perspective that focuses on inequality and power relations in society in order to achieve social justice and emancipation through their transformation refers to:
A. Critical sociology
86
Illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals
contested illnesses
87
A group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups is the:
B. Dominant group
88
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy
medicalization
89
The use of violence on civilian populations and institutions to achieve political ends
terrorism
90
Movements that seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure
resistance movements
91
The tendency for people to define themselves in terms of the commodities they purchase refers to:
D. Consumerism
92
A family that is formed through marriage is a:
B. Family of procreation
93
The political form in which a single, central, supreme lawmaking authority governs within a clearly demarcated territory
sovereignty
94
Networks of social movement actors who collaborate across state borders to address shared global concerns
global social movements
95
Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
rational-legal authority
96
A form of government in which decision making, even in matters of detail, is conducted through assemblies made up of all citizens
direct democracy
97
The system by which the world is divided up into separate and indivisible sovereign territories or states
sovereign state system
98
A theoretical goal in which the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration
zero population growth
99
A term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage is the:
A. Fourth world
100
A single social movement group
social movement organization
101
(1) A geographically widespread organization of individual states, nations, and peoples that is ruled by a centralized government; (2) The contemporary global network form of power whose territory is the entire globe and whose network nodes include the dominant nation‐states, supranational institutions, and major capitalist corporations
empire
102
The spread of technology across borders
technological diffusion
103
A field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older is:
B. Gerontology
104
Oversimplified ideas about groups of people are:
C. Stereotypes
105
A difference in income level between different members of the same generation refers to:
A. Intragenerational mobility
106
26. The dispersion of a people from their original homeland is known as:
B. Diaspora
107
A hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions is a:
D. Laissez-faire leader
108
A rapid, fundamental, and violent domestic change in the way of life, social structure, and political institutions of a society
revolution
109
Serious acts of deviance about which there is near-unanimous public agreement is known as:
A. Consensus crime
110
A level of material goods and comforts required to maintain a particular socio-economic lifestyle is:
C. Standard of living
111
An organization principle where group membership and advancement are based on merit as shown through proven and documented skills is referred to as:
A. Meritocracy
112
When the social problem that concerns a social movement is stated as a call to action
motivational framing
113
An application of knowledge to solve problems in daily life
technology
114
When stereotypes don’t change, they get recycled for application to a new subordinate group
stereotype interchangeability
115
Urban formations based on clusters of shopping malls, entertainment complexes, and office towers at major transportation intersections
edge city
116
The mediated environment of a society based on the circulation of media images, messages, news stories, and representations is referred to as our:
A. Mediascape
117
When upper- and middle-class residents renovate and live in properties in certain city areas or communities that have been historically less affluent
gentrification
118
An authority able to filter, interpret, and explain media messages to an audience is a(n):
A. Influencer
119
Cultural experiences, practices and products that are widely circulated, produced by or well-liked by “the people” refer to:
B. Popular culture
120
The process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies
modernization
121
Patents that are granted when someone has invented a new and original design for a manufactured product
design patents
122
Deference and respect to one’s parents and ancestors in all things is known as:
C. Filial piety
123
Neurocognitive variation among the human species
neurodiversity
124
Crowds that share opportunities to express emotions
expressive crowds
125
The various means and strategies used to direct the behaviour and actions of others (or of oneself)
government
126
The underlying societal factors and social changes that create constituencies of people with common interests
political demand
127
Long-term shifts in temperature and climate due to human activity
climate change
128
The development on the outskirts of cities of unplanned shantytowns or squats with no access to clean water, sanitation, or other municipal services
slum city
129
The way of life characteristic of cities and towns
urbanism
130
A set of policies in which the state reduces its role in providing public services, regulating industry, redistributing wealth, and protecting the commons while advocating the use of free market mechanisms to regulate society is:
A. Neoliberalism
131
Pre-established patterns of behaviour that people are expected to follow in specific social situations are:
D. Social scripts
132
A relatively large group with a common interest, even if the group members may not interact or be in close proximity
mass
133
A functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behaviour to occur
value-added theory
134
Communicable diseases caused by micro-organisms such as bacteria or viruses
infectious diseases
135
In capitalism, the underclass of chronically unemployed or irregularly employed who are in and out of the workforce are referred to as:
D. Lumpenproletariat
136
The accelerated extraction of natural resources to satisfy a global demand for minerals and energy with the idea that this sustains national economic growth
extractivism
137
The study of population dynamics
demography
138
An arrangement of regular, predictable practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives and expectations is known as the:
A. Social order
139
The deliberative process by which the will or decisions of the people are determined
democratic will formation
140
Long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder
mood disorders
141
The role of the state in maintaining social order by use of force
coercive function
142
The social process by which certain social groups are marked for unequal treatment based on perceived physiological differences is known as:
B. Racialization
143
When a technology company plans for a product to be obsolete or unable to be repaired
planned obsolescence
144
When people prepare for future life roles this is known as:
A. Anticipatory socialization
145
An organic based pathology which can in principle be measured through clinical or laboratory procedures
disease
146
The systematic study of death and dying is:
D. Thanatology
147
When someone’s identity is spoiled; they are labelled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability
stigmatization
148
A scholarly discipline that questions fixed (normative) definitions of gender and sexuality is:
C. Queer theory
149
A geographical area that is determined not by political or administrative boundaries but by ecological systems, such as a watershed, a river estuary, a coastal environment, a mountain range or plain
bioregion
150
Women (or other categories of individual) who break both laws and gender (or other) norms are considered:
B. Doubly deviant
151
Objects, states of being, or practices that are set apart and considered forbidden because of their connection to divine presence are termed:
A. Sacred
152
A group that shares a specific identity apart from a parent culture, even as the members hold features in common with the parent culture are part of a:
D. Subculture
153
The selection of individuals for greater surveillance, policing, or treatment on the basis of racialized characteristics is:
D. Racial profiling
154
A condition that makes it more difficult to cope with everyday life
mental disorder
155
A non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage
collective behaviour
156
Rule by the people
democracy
157
A time when children are only capable of imitation and have no ability to imagine how others see things they are in the:
D. Preparatory stage
158
Forms of communication like newspapers, radio, television, social media platforms, that pass from a centralized location to the masses is:
C. Mass media
159
A breakthrough in one form of technology that leads to a number of variations, from which a prototype emerges, followed by a period of slight adjustments to the technology, interrupted by a breakthrough
evolutionary model of technological change
160
Relatively egalitarian, small scale agricultural societies in which mothering is recognized as the central unifying structure are referenced as a(n):
D. Matriarchy
161
Aging that occurs due to controllable factors like exercise and diet is:
B. Secondary aging
162
The shared beliefs, morals, attitudes or mental life of a society is our:
D. Collective conscience
163
A group who shares a common social status based on their economic position or relationship to the means of production are a:
C. Class
164
The ideal norm of democratic discussion in which every subject is permitted to take part in public discussion, to question assertions, to introduce assertions, and to express attitudes, desires, and needs; no subject can be prevented from speaking
ideal speech situation
165
A form of social life distinguished from rural life and produced by the effect of the external features of the metropolis (population size, density, anonymity, and diversity, for example) on the psyche or subjective experience of the urban dweller
metropolitan way of life
166
The deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group has been termed:
D. Genocide
167
A stratification system based on class structure and individual achievement is a:
A. Class system
168
The process of the formation of cities
urbanization
169
A situation in which everyone in a society has an equal chance to pursue economic or social rewards refers to an:
D. Equality of opportunity
170
A cohabiting man and woman who are married and have at least one biological child under the age of 18 are termed a:
C. Nuclear family
171
A type of unilateral descent that follows either the father’s or the mother’s side exclusively is:
A. Ambilineal
172
Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction, and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities (or health)
disciplinary power
173
A measure noting the actual number of children born
fertility rate
174
When a person’s beliefs and ideology are in conflict with their best interests they have:
A. False consciousness
175
Cities that are divided into wealthy, high-tech, information-based zones of urban development and poorer, run-down, marginalized zones of urban underdevelopment and informal economic activity
dual city
176
Feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time
anxiety disorders
177
A way or perspective in which experience is organized conceptually
frame
178
Movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society
revolutionary movements
179
(1) The means by which form is given to the life of a people; (2) The activity of striving to share power or striving to influence the distribution of power, either among states or among groups within a state
politics
180
A condition of crisis in which the law or the constitution is temporarily suspended so that the state can claim emergency powers
state of exception
181
The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions is:
A. Segregation
182
A system of medical practice that defines health and illness in terms of the mechanics of the physical, biological systems of the human body
biomedicine
183
The absence of any organized government
anarchy
184
Lines of development of technological innovations which make advancements on previous iterations
technological lineage
185
The degree of honour or prestige one has in the eyes of others is their:
C. Status
186
Rule by old people
gerontocracy
187
A snapshot of the demographic profile of a population based on fertility, mortality, and migration rates
population composition
188
Any group of people who are singled out from others for differential and unequal treatment is a:
A. Minority group
189
The production of emotional qualities required as an aspect of paid labour is:
C. Emotional labour
190
An unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who interact and debate ideas
public
191
Collective resources that humans share in common
commons
192
Cities that choose to transform themselves into Disneyland-like theme parks or sites of mega-events to draw international tourists
fantasy city
193
A severe, lasting mental disorder that requires long-term treatment
mental illness
194
Coalitions of politicians, real estate investors, corporations, property owners, urban planners, architects, sports teams, and cultural institutions, for example, who work together to intensify land usage, attract private capital to the city and lobby government for subsidies and tax breaks for investors
growth machine
195
A system in which it is customary for a wife to live with (or near) her husband’s family is:
A. Patrilocal residence
196
Theory which asserts that human ingenuity will rise to the challenge of providing adequate resources for a growing population
cornucopian theory
197
The deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture is:
B. Cultural imperialism
198
The current geologic era of the planet initiated by the impact of human activity on the biosphere
Anthropocene
199
The area that includes a city and its suburbs and exurbs
metropolis
200
The institutions that organize the regular processes of democracy including parliament, the civil service, electoral procedures, constitutions, rule of law, etc
institutions of democracy
201
A unique development based on the new role of cities in the circuits of global information and global capital circulation and accumulation
global city
202
A “not in my back yard” movement or protest, describing the tendency of people to protest development when it impacts them directly
NIMBY
203
The physiological body, or what people are as physiological, neurological, and skeletal beings
Körper
204
An exaggerated expression of masculinity tied to a backlash against climate change discourse
petro-masculinity
205
Theoretical framework that describes human pressure on environmental systems as temporary because, as society modernizes, the ecological rationality underpinning the need to protect the environment from the strains of human development will become evident, leading to necessary reforms, innovations and environmental sustainability
ecological modernization theory
206
The ratio of men to women in a given population
sex ratio
207
An impairment in cognitive, developmental, physical, sensory, and mental abilities, compounded by social barriers that hinder full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others
disability
208
The social process that normalizes “sick” behavior
demedicalization
209
The ability to understand how personal problems of milieu relate to public issues of social structure is the:
D. Sociological imagination
210
Discrimination based on age is referred to as:
B. Ageism
211
An open democratic space for public debate and deliberation
public sphere
212
The regulation and enforcement of norms is:
A. Social control
213
Large scale, societal patterns in people’s feelings or emotional responses towards things refers to the:
A. Structure of feeling
214
Movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals
redemptive movements
215
Concerted behaviour in which a number of people come together on the basis of a shared interest to achieve some common objective
collective action
216
Theory which asserts that population is controlled through positive checks (war, famine, disease) and preventive checks (measures to reduce fertility)
Malthusian theory
217
Norms based on social requirements which are based on the moral views and principles of a group are:
C. Mores
218
A situation in which no one model of health practice can successfully claim to provide the definitive truth for how to attain health
medical pluralism
219
Information based on systematic interpretations of meaning is:
A. Qualitative data
220
Using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement
frame alignment process
221
Theory that describes four stages of population growth, following patterns that connect birth and death rates with stages of industrial development
demographic transition theory
222
A political state in which a monarch is head of state but whose powers are limited by a legal constitution
constitutional monarchy
223
A society historically based on colonization through foreign settlement and displacement of Indigenous inhabitants is a:
C. Settler society
224
The degree to which a human activity can be sustained without damaging or undermining basic ecological support systems
environmental sustainability
225
A technology suited and fit to its ecological and social context
appropriate technology
226
When the social problem that concerns a social movement is stated in a clear, easily understood manner
diagnostic framing
227
The long-term change in a population’s dominant health problems or profile from acute infectious diseases to chronic, degenerative diseases as societies go through the process of industrialization
epidemiologic transition
228
A concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women, but allows it for men is known as:
B. Double standard
229
Interventions to treat or cure disabilities in order to reintegrate disabled persons into “normal” society
rehabilitation
230
The systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Medical Sociology
231
The sociological subfield that addresses the relationship between humans and the environment
environmental sociology
232
Societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labour to create material goods are:
C. Industrial societies
233
A society in which the sources of economic productivity and political power are based on new information technologies (e.g., micro-electronic computation, digital communications technologies, genetic engineering) and the generation, processing, and transformation of information is a:
B. Information society
234
A model of power that separates deviants from “normals,” or the sick from the healthy, and abandons them outside the care of society
exclusion of the sick
235
Societies based around the cultivation of plants are:
A. Horticultural societies
236
A set of cultural conventions, instructions, or rules used to combine symbols to communicate or interpret meaning is a:
C. Code
237
Concerns with quality-of-life issues: personal autonomy, self-expression, environmental integrity, women’s rights, gay rights, the meaningfulness of work, habitability of cities, etc
postmaterialist
238
A prejudice in favour of a particular viewpoint in the selection of the events and stories that are reported and how they are covered is known as:
B. Media bias
239
A condition in which a multiplicity of religions and faiths co-exist in a given society:
D. Religious diversity
240
The recognition of cultural and racial diversity and of the equality of different cultures is referred to as:
A. Multiculturalism
241
How many people can live in a given area considering the amount of available resources
carrying capacity
242
Power that people accept because it comes from a source that is perceived as legitimate
authority
243
The condition in which low-income and marginalized people are disproportionately likely to experience various environmental problems
environmental inequality
244
The shared inter-subjective meanings and common understandings that form the backdrop of daily existence and communication
lifeworld
245
A condition in which lethal violence is present as a constant potentiality, always and everywhere ready to erupt
post-security
246
The correlation between greater social inequality in a society and lower intergenerational mobility is known as:
B. Great Gatsby Curve
247
A “mark” of difference that defines a socially undesirable characteristic
stigma
248
A behaviour that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions is seen as:
B. Crime
249
Graphic representation that depicts population distribution according to age and sex
population pyramid
250
Patents that recognize the discovery of new plant types that can be asexually reproduced
plant patents
251
A city in which the major business and employment activities revolve around manufacturing, building, and machining
industrial city
252
Departures from normal behaviour that are not illegal but are widely regarded as harmful refer to:
B. Social deviations
253
The compounding effects of multiple determinants of social inequality is known as:
D. Intersectionality
254
A violation of social norms not covered by any specific behavioural expectation
residual deviance
255
The unequal access to a clean environment and basic environmental resources based on racialized distinctions
environmental racism
256
A model of human ecology that views cities as a series of circular rings or zones
concentric zone model
257
A social movement skeptical of the scientific basis and effectiveness of psychiatric treatment, which considers psychiatry to be based on a power relationship between doctor and patient and the institutional authority of the diagnostic process
anti-psychiatry movement
258
A political state in which a monarch has absolute or unmitigated power
absolute monarchy
259
The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behaviour for the sick and for those who take care of them
sick role
260
The state acts as a neutral mediator to balance the competing interests and demands of divergent interest groups in society
pluralist theory
261
People who come together for a regularly scheduled event
conventional crowds
262
The internalized sense of individual dignity, rights, and freedom that accompanies formal membership in the political community
citizenship
263
Crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
acting crowds
264
A religion based on belief in a single deity is:
A. Monotheism
265
Transitional, economically deprived zones within a city, where there is a high rate of flux in population as different groups of people move in and out
zones of transition
266
Communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status
exurbs
267
The role of the state in maintaining the economic conditions for sustained capitalist investment and profitability
accumulation function
268
The cultural form of capitalist societies characterized by constant change and transformation
modernity
269
The lived body, or the way in which the body experiences the world and is itself experienced from within
Leib
270
A sociological model in which human communities, like biotic communities, are bound together by complex relations of competition for resources and mutual dependence
social ecology
271
The state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time is known as:
D. Polygamy
272
A political unit whose boundaries are co-extensive with a cultural, linguistic or ethnic nation
nation-state
273
A perspective in which male concerns, male attitudes, and male practices are presented as “normal” or define what is significant and valued in a culture is:
D. Androcentrism
274
An event staged using primarily visual symbols as a means of public persuasion
image event
275
Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities is known as:
C. Disciplinary social control
276
Social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals
alternative movements
277
The process whereby former colonies attain formal political self-determination and independence from colonial powers is:
D. Decolonization
278
A human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory
state
279
Ways of acting upon the self to transform the self to attain a certain mode of being (e.g., “health”)
care for the self
280
The process of controlling the impact of one’s appearance to others
image management
281
(1) The ability to exercise one’s will over others; (2) The capacity or to create and act
power
282
How much the population of a defined area grows or shrinks in a specific time period, calculated as the current population minus the initial population divided by the initial population
growth rate
283
A situation in which power and resistance are fixed into a more or less permanent hierarchical arrangement
domination
284
Patents that are granted for the invention or discovery of any new and useful process, product, or machine
utility patents
285
An environmental social movement based on the principle that the eco-system and members of the natural world are not resources to be used because all beings have intrinsic value
deep ecology
286
The subfield of sociology that focuses on the study of urbanization
urban sociology
287
Overarching narratives that give order, meaning and direction to a society are known as:
B. Grand narratives
288
A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviours and characteristics that are the opposite of their biological sex (assigned at birth):
D. Transgender
289
The benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group of racialized “whites.”
White privilege
290
A system that guarantees health care coverage for everyone
universal health care
291
A socially defined standard measure which allows us to distinguish between what conforms to a rule and what does not
norm
292
The strategies and organizational capacities of political parties to deliver an appealing political program to particular constituencies
political supply
293
The movement of people into an area to take up permanent residence
immigration
294
When people are discriminated against because of illnesses and sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society
stigmatization of illness
295
Discrimination against persons with disabilities or the unintended neglect of their needs
ableism
296
The collective destruction of collective or shared resources as a product of individual cost/benefit decision making
tragedy of the commons
