Chapter 19

Question 1

Discrimination against persons with disabilities or the unintended neglect of their needs

Answer 1

ableism

Question 2

A social movement skeptical of the scientific basis and effectiveness of psychiatric treatment, which considers psychiatry to be based on a power relationship between doctor and patient and the institutional authority of the diagnostic process

Answer 2

anti-psychiatry movement

Question 3

Feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time

Answer 3

anxiety disorders

Question 4

A system of medical practice that defines health and illness in terms of the mechanics of the physical, biological systems of the human body

Answer 4

biomedicine

Question 5

The relationships of power that emerge when the task of fostering and administering the life of the population becomes central to government

Answer 5

biopolitics

Question 6

Ways of acting upon the self to transform the self to attain a certain mode of being (e.g., “health”)

Answer 6

care for the self

Question 7

Non-communicable diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, characterized by the slow onset of symptoms

Answer 7

chronic diseases

Question 8

The transformation of health and health services into products that can be bought and sold in the marketplace

Answer 8

commodification of health

Question 9

Illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals

Answer 9

contested illnesses

Question 10

The social process that normalizes “sick” behavior

Answer 10

demedicalization

Question 11

An organic based pathology which can in principle be measured through clinical or laboratory procedures

Answer 11

disease

Question 12

Any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism

Answer 12

disease vector

Question 13

An impairment in cognitive, developmental, physical, sensory, and mental abilities, compounded by social barriers that hinder full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others

Answer 13

disability

Question 14

Detailed continuous training, control, observation, correction, and rehabilitation of individuals to improve their capabilities (or health)

Answer 14

disciplinary power

Question 15

The long-term change in a population’s dominant health problems or profile from acute infectious diseases to chronic, degenerative diseases as societies go through the process of industrialization

Answer 15

epidemiologic transition

Question 16

A model of power that separates deviants from “normals,” or the sick from the healthy, and abandons them outside the care of society

Answer 16

exclusion of the sick

Question 17

Rule by old people

Answer 17

gerontocracy

Question 18

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Answer 18

health

Question 19

The subjective experience of ‘not feeling well.’

Answer 19

illness

Question 20

The physical limitations a less-able person faces

Answer 20

impairment

Question 21

Communicable diseases caused by micro-organisms such as bacteria or viruses

Answer 21

infectious diseases

Question 22

The physiological body, or what people are as physiological, neurological, and skeletal beings

Answer 22

Körper

Question 23

The lived body, or the way in which the body experiences the world and is itself experienced from within

Answer 23

Leib

Question 24

When a physician certifies that an illness is genuine

Answer 24

medical legitimation

Question 25

A situation in which no one model of health practice can successfully claim to provide the definitive truth for how to attain health

Answer 25

medical pluralism

Question 26

The systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy

Answer 26

Medical Sociology

Question 27

The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy

Answer 27

medicalization

Question 28

The process that changes “bad” behaviour into “sick” behavior

Answer 28

medicalization of deviance

Question 29

A condition that makes it more difficult to cope with everyday life

Answer 29

mental disorder

Question 30

A severe, lasting mental disorder that requires long-term treatment

Answer 30

mental illness

Question 31

Long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder

Answer 31

mood disorders

Question 32

Neurocognitive variation among the human species

Answer 32

neurodiversity

Question 33

A socially defined standard measure which allows us to distinguish between what conforms to a rule and what does not

Answer 33

norm

Question 34

A society organized around the definition of norms used to discipline bodies and regulate populations

Answer 34

normalizing society

Question 35

Disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them

Answer 35

personality disorders

Question 36

The study of social structures and processes based on a systematic description of the contents of subjective experience

Answer 36

phenomenology

Question 37

Health insurance that is funded or provided by the government

Answer 37

public health care

Question 38

The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behaviour for the sick and for those who take care of them

Answer 38

sick role

Question 39

Interventions to treat or cure disabilities in order to reintegrate disabled persons into “normal” society

Answer 39

rehabilitation

Question 40

A violation of social norms not covered by any specific behavioural expectation

Answer 40

residual deviance

Question 41

Strategies to restructure the environment or context of problematic behaviour in order to minimize the risks to the general population

Answer 41

risk management

Question 42

A framework that describes the social variables that influence health outcomes for individuals and populations

Answer 42

social determinants of health model

Question 43

The study of the causes and distribution of diseases

Answer 43

social epidemiology

Question 44

When stereotypes don’t change, they get recycled for application to a new subordinate group

Answer 44

stereotype interchangeability

Question 45

A “mark” of difference that defines a socially undesirable characteristic

Answer 45

stigma

Question 46

When someone’s identity is spoiled; they are labelled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability

Answer 46

stigmatization

Question 47

When people are discriminated against because of illnesses and sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society

Answer 47

stigmatization of illness

Question 48

A system that guarantees health care coverage for everyone

Answer 48

universal health care

Question 49

A delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services

Answer 49

vaccine hesitancy