2 regions where the Catholic Church sought to maintain its dominance during the baroque era
Spain and Italy
intalgio printmaking
process where lines are inscribed into the matrix
Jesuits
Organization founded to convert non-Europeans to Catholicism
what is a flying buttress?
flying buttresses are external arches used in medieval cathedrals that allow for higher celings and window openings by counterbalancing the outward thrust of high, vaulted cielings.
name the three main orders of ancient greek architecture.
doric, ionic, and corinthian
which of the greek orders is the simplest?
doric
which of the three ancient greek orders is the most elaborate?
corinthian
what two materials are most commonly used for the construction of residential homes?
wood and brick
what two materials are most commonly used for hte construction of large commercial buildings?
steel and concrete
what are the three parts of the entablature in a greek temple?
the architrave, frieze, and cornice
what material was used to construct the eiffel tower?
wrought iron
the colosseum in rome is and example of what architectural feature?
the vault
the arch, the vault, and dome are similar in that all three features seek to stretch the boundaries of architecture by ____?
allowing for greater height and more space inside a building
what is a colonnade?
an arrangement of evenly-spaced columns that supports the entablature, arch, or roof.
name the two main orders of roman architecture
tuscan (a variant of the doric order) and composite (a combination of the ionic and corinthan oders)
this spanish architect is famous for his unique, organic shaped buildings made of stone
Antonio Gaudi
modern architects have tried to design buildings that are composed of (geometric/organic) shapes.
organic
who designed the first skyscraper?
louis sullivan, who designed the wainwright building in st. louis
This building was constructed in London in 1851 and consisted mainly of glass walls held together by slim iron rods.
the crystal palace, which was built for the world’s fair in London.
what is environmental art?
art that makes use of the environment in which it is installed
when did environmental art first emerge?
the 1960s
true/false: environmental art is usually small in scale
false. it is usually large in scale
name a few characteristics of environmental art according to USAD
Large in scale, constructed on site, and only temporary.
true/false: environmental art often requires participation from the viewer
TRUE
engraving
intalgio process using carving tools to directly inscribe lines into a matrix
etching
intalgio process using acid to etch grooves into exposed matrix
lithography
process where ink is applied to a wax image drawn on the matrix
screen prints
process where an image is transferred to a fabric frame and acts as a stencil
THREE materials comprising paint
pigments, binders, and solvents
fresco
technique where water-based paints are applied to wet plaster
tempera
water-based paint with egg binder that draws quickly and has a narrow tonal range
region of the US struck with drought during the Great Depression
the Midwest
encaustic
wax-based paint fused to surfaces with hot irons
gouache
water-based paint similar to tempera
watercolor
water-based paint tinted by adding water instead of white paint
acrylic paint
synthetic paint developed after World War II
FOUR basic methods of sculptures
carving modeling, casting, and construction
carving
removing original material to create a sculpture
modeling
adding materials to a surface to create a sculpture
casting
creating a plaster mold used to replicate the original sculpture
Alexander Calder
sculptor who created mobiles whose parts are moved by wind
environmental art/Earthworks
large sculpture that redefines the space where it is created
mixed media
artworks that use several art media
FIVE craft products that have come to be recognized as art forms
pottery, jewelry, fibers, glass, and wooden objects
pottery
craft medium, using natural materials such as clay
slip
liquid clay used to join edges of clay pieces
kiln
oven used to remove all moisture from a clay piece
TWO fiber art forms
weaving and quilting
architecture
the design and construction of buildings
post-and-lintel construction
technique where a beam is placed horizontally across another two beams