Autonomic Nervous System: Anna made Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

Somatosensory function

A
  • Consciously controlled
  • Sensory information from tissue to CNS
  • Muscle, joints, skin, special senses
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2
Q

Somatomotor function

A
  • Consciously controlled
  • Motor information from CNS to skeletal muscle
  • Voluntary control from cerebrum
  • Involuntary/reflexive from brainstem and spinal cord
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3
Q

Autonomic Function

A
  • Processes regulated below conscious level
    • Responds to visceral sensory inputs
    • Signals from CNS to heart, smooth muscle, glands
    • Maintains homeostasis
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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

 ANS control center
 Sympathetic and parasympathetic responses
 Influenced by frontal cortex and limbic system

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5
Q

Brainstem

A

Controls visceral reflexes
- Blood pressure regulation
- Direction of blood flow
- Cardiac activity

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6
Q

Spinal cord

A

Controls two important visceral reflexes
- Urination and defecation

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7
Q

ANS Ganglia

A

Collection of neuron al bodies found in the peripheral nervous system (synapses)

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8
Q

Posterior root ganglion

A

Cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons

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9
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

A

Synapsing of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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10
Q

Parasympathetic Division of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • “Sex and digest”
     Regeneration of tissue, absorption of nutrients, energy diverted to digestive, reproductive, urinary, and immune systems
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11
Q

Sympathetic Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • “Fight or flight”
     Emergency response, exercise, excitement
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12
Q

Parasympathetic “Craniosacral” Division

A
  • Originates at cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and sacral nerves 2, 3, 4
  • Long preganglionic neurons
  • Synapse with short postganglionic fibers
    - Ganglions found close to organs
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13
Q

Terminal ganglia

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Close to effector organ
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14
Q

Intramural ganglia

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Embedded in the wall of the organ
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15
Q

Sympathetic “Thoracolumbar” Division

A

-Originates in lateral horn of spinal segment t1 to L2
-Short preganglionic neurons
-Synapses with long postganglionic neurons
-Ganglia found close to spinal column

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16
Q

Sympathetic chain ganglia

A

On either side of the spinal column
Essentially operate as a relay station for the Sympathetic Nervous System
-Myelinated presynaptic neurons originate in lateral horns of spinal cord
Three options for synapsing:
1. Synapse in ganglion with postsynaptic neuron
2. Axon passes through ganglion and continues as part of splanchnic nerve
3. Axon ascends/descends in chain to synapse at higher or lower levels and continues as part of that spinal nerve

17
Q

White Rami

A

Myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons from nerve to ganglion
-“Exit ramp” from nerve; “entrance ramp” to ganglion

18
Q

Gray Rami

A

Unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons from ganglion to spinal nerve

19
Q

Sympathetic Spinal Nerve Pathway

A
  • Preganglionic myelinated axons synapse in ganglion with unmyelinated postganglionic neuron
     Postganglionic axons returns to spinal nerve
  • Targets integumentary structures
20
Q

Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Pathway

A
  • Myelinated preganglionic axons synapse with unmyelinated postganglionic neurons in ganglion or ascend/descend chain to synapse with postganglionic neuron
  • Targets head, neck, thoracic viscera
     Cardiac nerve innervates heart
21
Q

Splanchnic Nerve Pathway

A
  • Postganglionic axon passes through ganglion without synapsing
  • Continues as part of splanchnic nerve
     Greater splanchnic nerve
     Lesser splanchnic nerve
     Least (lowest) splanchnic nerve
  • Targets abdominal and
    pelvic viscera
22
Q

Adrenal Medulla Pathway

A
  • Preganglionic axon passes through ganglion to lesser splanchnic nerve
  • Targets adrenal glands
     Stimulates release of adrenaline from adrenal glands
     Maintains fight or flight response
23
Q

Acetylcholine

A

 Neurotransmitter of parasympathetic division
 Cholinergic neurons
- All ANS preganglionic neurons
- All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
 Target cells have cholinergic receptors

24
Q

Norepinephrine

A

 “Catecholamine”
- Neurotransmitters of sympathetic division
 Adrenergic neurons
- Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are adrenergic
 Target cells have adrenergic receptors

25
Nicotinic receptors
 Bind acetylcholine  Found on postganglionic neurons and adrenal medulla cells  Always excitatory  Directly opens ion channel - Sodium moves into cell - Cell depolarizes - Faster
26
Muscarinic receptors
 Bind acetylcholine  Found in all target organs of parasympathetic division  Excitatory or inhibitory  Muscarinic receptors use second messengers - Rather than directly opening channel, a signaling cascade sends message - Slower
27
Alpha (α) receptors
 Bind norepinephrine  Stimulated by NE
28
Beta (b) receptors
-bind norepinephrine -stimulated or inhibited by NE -b1 = stimulated -b2 = inhibited -b3 = either
29
Autonomic Tone
- Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems - Dual innervation  Most effectors innervated by both ANS divisions simultaneously  Regulation of activity  Heart rate  Blood pressure  Tone of smooth muscle of digestive tract  Bronchodilation/ constriction
30
Autonomic Reflexes
“Visceral reflexes”  Shortest pathway between stimulus and response  Includes: Receptor, Sensory neuron, CNS integration center, Motor neuron, Effector
31
Cardiovascular reflex
Blood pressure - Autonomic Reflex
32
Gastrointestinal reflex
Defecation - Autonomic Reflex
33
Micturition reflex
Urination - Autonomic Reflex