Joints and movement : anna made

Question 1

Arthrology

Answer 1

• Study of joints (articulations)
• Points of contact between bones, bones and cartilage, bones and teeth

Question 2

Fibrous joints

Answer 2

joined by fiborus tissue
- Connected by “stitches” of collagen fibers
- Immovable or slightly moveable
-3 types: Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses

Question 3

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

Joined by cartilage
hyaline: Synchondroses (synarthrotic)
- epiphyseal plate, joint between sternum and 1st rib
fibrocartilage: Symphyses (amphiarthrotic)
- pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc

Question 4

Synchondroses

Answer 4

• Cartilaginous Joint
• hyaline
• synarthrotic (immovable)

Question 5

Symphyses

Answer 5

• Cartilaginous Joint
• fibrocartilage
• amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)

Question 6

Synovial joints

Answer 6

-Freely movable
-most joints
-articular capsule: synovial fluid in joint cavity surrounding bone ends
-articular cartilage: reduce friction, avascular, protects bone ends
-ligaments, nerves, blood vessels

Question 7

Synarthroses (synarthrotic)

Answer 7

Immoveable; fibrous or cartilaginous

Question 8

Amphiarthroses (amphiarthrotic)

Answer 8

Slightly moveable; fibrous or cartilaginous

Question 9

Diarthroses

Answer 9

Freely moveable; all synovial

Question 10

Syndesmoses

Answer 10

fibrous joint
(amphiarthrotic)—forearm and leg bones
- Bound by interosseous membrane

Question 11

Sutures

Answer 11

fibrous joint
(synarthrotic)—anchor skull bones together

Question 12

Gomphoses

Answer 12

fibrous joint
(synarthrotic)—anchor teeth

Question 13

articular capsule

Answer 13

joint cavity
synovial fluid
synovial joints

Question 14

synovial joint layers

Answer 14

Outer fibrous layer
- Holds joint together
Inner synovial membrane
- Covers internal joint surfaces not covered by cartilage
- Helps produce synovial fluid

Question 15

articular cartalige

Answer 15

• Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
• Covers joint surface
• Reduces friction
• Acts as shock absorber

Question 16

Ligaments

Answer 16

• Connect bone to bone
• Dense regular CT
• Stabilize synovial joints

Question 17

Extrinsic ligaments

Answer 17

Outside the articular capsule

Question 18

Intrinsic ligaments

Answer 18

Fused to wall of
articular capsule

Question 19

Tendons

Answer 19

• Attach muscle to bone
• Help stabilize joint
• Dense regular CT
• Poor blood supply

Question 20

Sensory receptors

Answer 20

Many in ligaments/articular capsule
- Pain, proprioception

Question 21

Blood vessels

Answer 21

Dense vascular network
- Support tissues of joint
- Source of synovial fluid
- Nourishes articular cartilage

Question 22

Bursae

Answer 22

• CT sacs of synovial fluid
• Found in synovial joints where bones, ligaments, tendons rub together
  
  • Reduce friction

Question 23

Tendon Sheaths

Answer 23

• Elongated bursae
• Wrap around tendons
• Predominant in wrist and ankle
  
  • Reduce friction

Question 24

Uniaxial

Answer 24

-Bone moves in one plane or axis
-synovial joint only

Question 25

Biaxial

Answer 25

- Bone moves in two planes or axes - synovial joint only

Question 26

Multiaxial

Answer 26

- Bone moves in multiple planes or axes - synovial joint only

Question 27

Planar/gliding

Answer 27

2 flat things gliding past each other, (uniaxial) -carpals

Question 28

Hinge

Answer 28

like a hinge door (uniaxial) - elbow, knee, ankle,

Question 29

Pivot

Answer 29

twists against another bone, (uniaxial) - ulna and radius (radioulnar) - atlas and axial (Atlantoaxial)

Question 30

Condylar/ellipsoidal

Answer 30

like an egg in a bowl, (biaxial) - bottom knuckle (metacarpophalangeal)

Question 31

Saddle

Answer 31

like a saddle , to the sides and forward (biaxial) - thumb (1st carpometacarpal)

Question 32

Ball and socket

Answer 32

twist, forward and back, side to side (multiaxial) -shoulder and hip

Question 33

Gliding movement

Answer 33

back and forth (planar joints); carpals/tarsals

Question 34

Angular movement

Answer 34

changes angle between bones; flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Question 35

Rotational movement

Answer 35

bone pivots on its own axis; lateral and medial rotation, supination, pronation

Question 36

Special movements

Answer 36

don’t fit other categories; depression, elevation, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, eversion, inversion, protraction, retraction, opposition, reposition

Question 37

Flexion

Answer 37

angle of joint decreases

Question 38

Extension

Answer 38

angle of joint increases

Question 39

Hyperextension

Answer 39

extension beyond normal range of motion (hypermobile joints or injury)

Question 40

Adduction

Answer 40

movement toward midline of body

Question 41

Abduction

Answer 41

movement away from midline of body

Question 42

Circumduction

Answer 42

cone-shaped movement; (flexion, abduction, extension, adduction)

Question 43

Lateral rotation

Answer 43

rotation away from midline body

Question 44

Medial rotation

Answer 44

rotation toward midline of body

Question 45

Pronation

Answer 45

rotation of forearm to palm-down position

Question 46

Supination

Answer 46

rotation of forearm to palm-up position

Question 47

Depression

Answer 47

inferior movement of body part

Question 48

Elevation

Answer 48

superior movement of body part

Question 49

Dorsiflexion

Answer 49

Foot and toes pulled up

Question 50

Plantarflexion

Answer 50

Foot and toes pulled down

Question 51

Inversion

Answer 51

Medial movement of sole of foot

Question 52

Eversion

Answer 52

Lateral movement of sole of foot

Question 53

Protraction

Answer 53

Anterior movement of body part mandible jut out

Question 54

Retraction

Answer 54

posterior movement of body part mandible jut in

Question 55

Opposition

Answer 55

Movement of thumb toward tips of fingers

Question 56

Reposition

Answer 56

Movement of thumb away from tips of fingers