tissues: anna made

Question 1

what are the 4 categories of tissues

Answer 1

Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

Question 2

types of muscle

Answer 2

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Question 3

skeletal muscle

Answer 3

-Attaches to and moves bones
-Striated
-Multinucleated
-Voluntary
-Requires neural impulse

Question 4

cardiac muscle

Answer 4

-Muscle tissue of the heart
-Striated
-Branched cells -> Intercalated discs
-Involuntary
-Requires no neural or hormonal stimulus

Question 5

what are the lines in cardiac muscle called

Answer 5

Intercalated discs

Question 6

smooth muscle

Answer 6

-Muscle tissue in vessels and organs
-Nonstriated
-Appears smooth
-Involuntary

Question 7

what muscles are striated, what aren’t

Answer 7

is: cardiac and skeletal
isn’t smooth

Question 8

Nervous tissue function

Answer 8

-Communication among body systems
-Coordination of systemic activities

Question 9

what are the 2 types of nervous tissue and their functions

Answer 9

Neurons: Transmit signals
Dendrites, cell body, axon
Neuroglia: Support and protect neurons

Question 10

what is epithelia tissue

Answer 10

Covering, linings, glands

Question 11

epithelial cell shapes

Answer 11

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional

Question 12

epithelial cell layers

Answer 12

Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified

Question 13

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 13

One layer
Squamous cells
Flat
Thinnest barrier

Allows rapid movement of molecules across membrane
Lining of lungs
Capillary walls

Question 14

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 14

One layer
Cuboidal cells
-Cube-shaped
-Secretion
Most glands

Question 15

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 15

One layer
Columnar cells
Tall and narrow
Absorption
Two types
Ciliated (resp. tract)
Non-ciliated (dig. tract)

Question 16

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 16

One layer but looks like more
Large passageways of respiratory tract

Question 17

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 17

Multiple layers of squamous cells
Two types
Keratinized
Skin
Non-keratinized
Mouth, throat, vagina, anus

Question 18

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 18

Two or more layers of cuboidal cells
Forms ducts of exocrine glands
Secretion

Question 19

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 19

Lining of urinary bladder and ureters
Cells change shape as bladder fills/empties
Allows for stretching

Question 20

Endocrine gland

Answer 20

“Ductless”
Secrete hormones into blood

Question 21

Exocrine gland

Answer 21

Have ducts
Unicellular (mucus)
Multicellular
-Sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, etc.

Question 22

Functions of Connective Tissue

Answer 22

-Physical protection: Bone and adipose tissue
-Support and framework: Bones
-Binding of structures: Ligaments, tendons, skin
-Storage: Adipose (energy) and bone (minerals)
-Transport: Blood
-Immunity: Blood and lymph

Question 23

what is a matrix made up of

Answer 23

-Ground substance (H20 + chemicals)
-Proteins: Collagen, Elastin, Reticular

Question 24

Connective Tissues Protein Fibers

Answer 24

Collagen “Ropes”
Elastin “Rubber bands”
Reticular “Beams”

Question 25

Ground Substance

Answer 25

Non-cellular medium for cells and proteins (Water and a variety of chemicals)

Question 26

Loose connective tissue

Answer 26

LESS PROTEINS Areolar (Packing) - the lining under skin like chicken stuff Reticular (Beams) - in lymphatic tissues Adipose (Energy) memorize by 'LARA'

Question 27

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 27

MORE PROTEINS Dense Regular (Ropes) - tendons and ligaments Dense Irregular (Burlap sack) - multiple lines of tension, like the dermis Elastic (Spring) - lungs are made of this, elastin fiber

Question 28

Fluid Connective Tissue

Answer 28

Blood: Transports oxygen, nutrients and waste Lymph: Maintains fluid volume, provides immunity

Question 29

Bone

Answer 29

compact & Spongy (Cancellous)

Question 30

Cartilage

Answer 30

Hyaline: thin smooth, in big joints Elastic: can bend and it bends back, like ear Fibrocartilage: lots of collagen fibers, very strong, between vertebra Memorize by Hayley Eats Fiber

Question 31

Scurvy

Answer 31

-Vitamin C deficiency -> bad collagen fibers -Symptoms: weakness, gum ulceration, hemorrhages, abnormal bone growth -Treated by consuming foods high in vitamin C or supplements

Question 32

Marfan Syndrome

Answer 32

Rare genetic disease of CT Symptoms: -Abnormally long fingers, toes, limbs -Malformation of thoracic cage, vertebral column -Easily dislocated joints, resulting from weak ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules -Weakness in aorta and abnormal heart valves -Slipped lens of the eye -Often death before age 50 due to cardiovascular problems Early diagnosis/medical management allows long life span

Question 33

Atrophy

Answer 33

decrease in cell number or size

Question 34

Hyperplasia

Answer 34

increase in number of cells; precursor to cancer

Question 35

Dysplasia

Answer 35

growth of abnormal cells; still reversible

Question 36

Neoplasia

Answer 36

tissue growth out of control; tumor develops Benign (localized) or malignant (metastasizes/spreads)

Question 37

Necrosis

Answer 37

tissue death

Question 38

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 38

top layer of skin

Question 39

Mucous membranes

Answer 39

line organs and passageways that open to the external environment

Question 40

Serous membranes

Answer 40

two-layered membranes that protect moving organs (heart, lungs, abdominal organs)

Question 41

Synovial membranes

Answer 41

lines synovial capsules between joints