tissues: anna made Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

what are the 4 categories of tissues

A

Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

types of muscle

A

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

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3
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-Attaches to and moves bones
-Striated
-Multinucleated
-Voluntary
-Requires neural impulse

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4
Q

cardiac muscle

A

-Muscle tissue of the heart
-Striated
-Branched cells -> Intercalated discs
-Involuntary
-Requires no neural or hormonal stimulus

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5
Q

what are the lines in cardiac muscle called

A

Intercalated discs

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6
Q

smooth muscle

A

-Muscle tissue in vessels and organs
-Nonstriated
-Appears smooth
-Involuntary

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7
Q

what muscles are striated, what aren’t

A

is: cardiac and skeletal
isn’t smooth

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8
Q

Nervous tissue function

A

-Communication among body systems
-Coordination of systemic activities

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of nervous tissue and their functions

A

Neurons: Transmit signals
Dendrites, cell body, axon
Neuroglia: Support and protect neurons

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10
Q

what is epithelia tissue

A

Covering, linings, glands

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11
Q

epithelial cell shapes

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional

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12
Q

epithelial cell layers

A

Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified

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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

One layer
Squamous cells
Flat
Thinnest barrier

Allows rapid movement of molecules across membrane
Lining of lungs
Capillary walls

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14
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

One layer
Cuboidal cells
-Cube-shaped
-Secretion
Most glands

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15
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

One layer
Columnar cells
Tall and narrow
Absorption
Two types
Ciliated (resp. tract)
Non-ciliated (dig. tract)

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16
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

One layer but looks like more
Large passageways of respiratory tract

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17
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Multiple layers of squamous cells
Two types
Keratinized
Skin
Non-keratinized
Mouth, throat, vagina, anus

18
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Two or more layers of cuboidal cells
Forms ducts of exocrine glands
Secretion

19
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Lining of urinary bladder and ureters
Cells change shape as bladder fills/empties
Allows for stretching

20
Q

Endocrine gland

A

“Ductless”
Secrete hormones into blood

21
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Have ducts
Unicellular (mucus)
Multicellular
-Sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, etc.

22
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue

A

-Physical protection: Bone and adipose tissue
-Support and framework: Bones
-Binding of structures: Ligaments, tendons, skin
-Storage: Adipose (energy) and bone (minerals)
-Transport: Blood
-Immunity: Blood and lymph

23
Q

what is a matrix made up of

A

-Ground substance (H20 + chemicals)
-Proteins: Collagen, Elastin, Reticular

24
Q

Connective Tissues Protein Fibers

A

Collagen “Ropes”
Elastin “Rubber bands”
Reticular “Beams”

25
Ground Substance
Non-cellular medium for cells and proteins (Water and a variety of chemicals)
26
Loose connective tissue
LESS PROTEINS Areolar (Packing) - the lining under skin like chicken stuff Reticular (Beams) - in lymphatic tissues Adipose (Energy) memorize by 'LARA'
27
Dense Connective Tissue
MORE PROTEINS Dense Regular (Ropes) - tendons and ligaments Dense Irregular (Burlap sack) - multiple lines of tension, like the dermis Elastic (Spring) - lungs are made of this, elastin fiber
28
Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood: Transports oxygen, nutrients and waste Lymph: Maintains fluid volume, provides immunity
29
Bone
compact & Spongy (Cancellous)
30
Cartilage
Hyaline: thin smooth, in big joints Elastic: can bend and it bends back, like ear Fibrocartilage: lots of collagen fibers, very strong, between vertebra Memorize by Hayley Eats Fiber
31
Scurvy
-Vitamin C deficiency -> bad collagen fibers -Symptoms: weakness, gum ulceration, hemorrhages, abnormal bone growth -Treated by consuming foods high in vitamin C or supplements
32
Marfan Syndrome
Rare genetic disease of CT Symptoms: -Abnormally long fingers, toes, limbs -Malformation of thoracic cage, vertebral column -Easily dislocated joints, resulting from weak ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules -Weakness in aorta and abnormal heart valves -Slipped lens of the eye -Often death before age 50 due to cardiovascular problems Early diagnosis/medical management allows long life span
33
Atrophy
decrease in cell number or size
34
Hyperplasia
increase in number of cells; precursor to cancer
35
Dysplasia
growth of abnormal cells; still reversible
36
Neoplasia
tissue growth out of control; tumor develops Benign (localized) or malignant (metastasizes/spreads)
37
Necrosis
tissue death
38
Cutaneous membrane
top layer of skin
39
Mucous membranes
line organs and passageways that open to the external environment
40
Serous membranes
two-layered membranes that protect moving organs (heart, lungs, abdominal organs)
41
Synovial membranes
lines synovial capsules between joints